Inequalities in food acquisition according to the social profiles of the head of households in Brazil

Abstract Brazil is characterized by strong social inequalities and differences in access to quality food and sufficient quantities of it, which represent a violation of the human right to adequate food. The aim was to assess food expenditures according to the social profiles of the head of the households. Data from the cross-sectional Brazilian Household Budget Survey (2017/2018) were used with a nationally representative sample of household survey participants (n=52,917). Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) to assess the association of different social profiles with the acquisition of food. The profile characterized by woman self-classified as white, with a higher education, which characteristics were positively and significantly associated with more acquisition of fruits (PR=1.22; CI95% 1.09-1.36) and vegetables and greens (PR=1.24; CI95% 1.09-1.41). Black women with low education levels showed a negative association with the consumption of soda (PR=0.53; CI95% 0.45-0.62), and prepared food (PR=0.52; CI95% 0.37-0.74). The results reveal great inequalities in the purchase of food between the social profiles of the heads of the family.巴西以严重的社会不平等，以及优质食物与足量食物的获取渠道差异为典型特征，此类差异构成了对人类充足食物权的侵犯。本研究旨在依据家庭户主的社会特征，评估其食品支出情况。本研究使用了具有全国代表性的家庭调查样本（n=52917）的横断面数据——《2017/2018年巴西家庭预算调查》数据。研究采用泊松回归（Poisson regression）估算患病率比（prevalence ratios, PR），以分析不同社会特征与食品购买行为的关联。结果显示，自我归类为白人、接受过高等教育的女性群体，其水果（PR=1.22；95%置信区间CI95% 1.09-1.36）、蔬菜及绿叶菜的购买量与该社会特征呈显著正向关联；而文化程度较低的黑人女性，则与苏打水（PR=0.53；95%置信区间CI95% 0.45-0.62）及预加工食品（PR=0.52；95%置信区间CI95% 0.37-0.74）的消费呈显著负向关联。本研究结果揭示了不同家庭户主社会特征群体间，在食品购买方面存在的显著不平等。