Map Viewing Service (WMS) of the dataset: Scope of the Programmed Habitat Improvement Operations (OPAH) in the Landes Department

Zoning consisting of all the operational perimeters programmed for habitat improvement (OPAH).
Established in 1977, the programmed habitat improvement operations (OPAH) have been the main tool for the rehabilitation of urban centres and rural towns for the past 30 years. Other tools have been created to respond to territorial, technical and social specificities: declination of OPAH (rural, urban, degraded condominiums), General Interest Programmes (GIPs) and Thematic Social Programs (PST).
A planned housing improvement operation aims to rehabilitate built heritage and improve housing comfort through subsidies, as well as to reclassify a neighbourhood, a city, or a rural area as a whole. They tend to improve the supply of housing, in particular rental accommodation and thus maintain or develop neighbourhood services in line with the PLH. The OPAH responds above all to a local project, carried out by the local authority concerned, which the State supports as part of the challenges of national solidarity and the fight against exclusion through housing, which it promotes. There are mainly four types of OPAH:
— The ordinary OPAH whose purpose is to upgrade neighbourhoods and their habitat;
— The OPAH of urban renewal, which aims to deal with “the most difficult urban and social areas by creating schemes involving land or real estate interventions and coercive tools under public law (treatment of unsanitary, demolitions.)”. It coordinates different tools (PRI, RHI, PSMV, ZPPAUP);
— The rural revitalisation OPAH, which concerns rural areas in the process of ‘devitalisation’. These are rural areas characterised by demographic imbalances, income imbalances and difficult living conditions.
— The co-ownership OPAH which offers a framework for the prevention and treatment of fragile condominiums requiring the support of the public authorities in carrying out the works essential for the conservation of buildings.
The OPAHs are designed and implemented jointly by the State (the Prefect of the Region sets priorities and allocates aid), the ANAH and the authorities which sign an agreement. The agreement shall specify, in particular, the scope of intervention: the community concerned shall define these areas and set the objectives therein, in consultation with the ANAH.
OPAHs can take place over 5 years (maximum time limit) with a minimum of 3 years. OPAHs are legally defined by Article L303-1 of the Construction and Housing Code (CCH). See also: http://www.lesopah.fr/
The old OPAHs (i.e. those completed) no longer appear in these data and are archived.

本区划涵盖所有针对住房改善规划作业（OPAH，Programmed Habitat Improvement Operations）划定的作业范围。
住房改善规划作业（OPAH）于1977年确立，近三十年来一直是城市中心与乡村集镇复兴的核心工具。为适配地域、技术与社会层面的特殊性，衍生出其他配套工具：OPAH的细分类型（涵盖乡村、城市、破败住宅共管公寓场景）、公共利益计划（General Interest Programmes, GIP）以及主题社会计划（Thematic Social Programs, PST）。
规划类住房改善作业旨在通过补贴手段修复建成遗产、提升居住舒适度，并对街区、城市或乡村区域进行整体性重新规划。此类作业通常可改善住房供给（尤其是租赁住房供给），进而契合地方住房规划（PLH）的要求，维护或升级街区公共服务。OPAH本质上响应的是由相关地方当局主导的本地项目，国家会通过住房领域的相关举措对其予以支持，以此践行全国团结与住房反排斥的国家战略目标。OPAH主要分为四类：
——普通型OPAH：旨在升级街区及其居住环境；
——城市更新型OPAH：旨在通过制定涵盖土地或房地产干预措施以及公法强制工具（如卫生整治、拆除作业等）的方案，治理"最棘手的城市与社会问题区域"。该类作业统筹协调多种工具（PRI、RHI、PSMV、ZPPAUP）；
——乡村振兴型OPAH：针对处于"活力衰退"进程中的乡村区域，此类区域普遍存在人口失衡、收入失衡以及居住条件恶劣等特征；
——共管公寓型OPAH：为脆弱住宅共管公寓的预防与整治提供框架支持，此类公寓需要公共当局协助开展建筑保护必需的工程作业。
OPAH由国家（大区区长负责确定优先级并分配援助资金）、国家住房局（National Housing Agency, ANAH）以及签署合作协议的相关当局联合设计与实施。合作协议需明确载明作业范围：相关社区需与ANAH协商确定作业区域并设定区域内的目标。
OPAH的实施周期最短为3年，最长不超过5年。OPAH在法律层面由《建筑与住房法典（Construction and Housing Code, CCH）》第L303-1条予以界定。更多信息可参阅：http://www.lesopah.fr/
已完成的历史OPAH项目不再纳入本数据集，仅作归档处理。