Dataset Direct Download Service (WFS): Scope of the Programmed Habitat Improvement Operations (OPAH) in the Landes Department

Zoning consisting of all the operational perimeters programmed for habitat improvement (OPAH). Established in 1977, the programmed habitat improvement operations (OPAH) have been the main tool for the rehabilitation of urban centres and rural towns for the past 30 years. Other tools have been created to respond to territorial, technical and social specificities: declination of OPAH (rural, urban, degraded condominiums), General Interest Programmes (GIPs) and Thematic Social Programs (PST). A planned housing improvement operation aims to rehabilitate built heritage and improve housing comfort through subsidies, as well as to reclassify a neighbourhood, a city, or a rural area as a whole. They tend to improve the supply of housing, in particular rental accommodation and thus maintain or develop neighbourhood services in line with the PLH. The OPAH responds above all to a local project, carried out by the local authority concerned, which the State supports as part of the challenges of national solidarity and the fight against exclusion through housing, which it promotes. There are mainly four types of OPAH: — The ordinary OPAH whose purpose is to upgrade neighbourhoods and their habitat; — The OPAH of urban renewal, which aims to deal with “the most difficult urban and social areas by creating schemes involving land or real estate interventions and coercive tools under public law (treatment of unsanitary, demolitions.)”. It coordinates different tools (PRI, RHI, PSMV, ZPPAUP); — The rural revitalisation OPAH, which concerns rural areas in the process of ‘devitalisation’. These are rural areas characterised by demographic imbalances, income imbalances and difficult living conditions. — The co-ownership OPAH which offers a framework for the prevention and treatment of fragile condominiums requiring the support of the public authorities in carrying out the works essential for the conservation of buildings. The OPAHs are designed and implemented jointly by the State (the Prefect of the Region sets priorities and allocates aid), the ANAH and the authorities which sign an agreement. The agreement shall specify, in particular, the scope of intervention: the community concerned shall define these areas and set the objectives therein, in consultation with the ANAH. OPAHs can take place over 5 years (maximum time limit) with a minimum of 3 years. OPAHs are legally defined by Article L303-1 of the Construction and Housing Code (CCH). See also: http://www.lesopah.fr/ The old OPAHs (i.e. those completed) no longer appear in these data and are archived.涵盖所有为居住环境改善规划的作业边界的区划（OPAH，Operational Perimeters Programmed for Habitat Improvement）。 自1977年设立以来，居住环境改善规划作业（OPAH）在过去30年间一直是城镇与乡村集镇复兴的核心工具。为应对地域、技术与社会层面的特殊情况，还衍生出了其他配套工具：包括针对乡村、城市、破败共管公寓的OPAH细分类型、公共利益项目（GIPs，General Interest Programmes）以及主题社会项目（PST，Thematic Social Programs）。 规划中的居住环境改善作业旨在通过补贴修复建筑遗产、提升居住舒适度，并对街区、城市或乡村区域进行整体重新规划定级。 此类作业通常会扩大住房供给，尤其是租赁住房供给，从而契合地方住房计划（PLH，Local Housing Plan）的相关要求，维持并发展街区公共服务。 OPAH本质上是由相关地方当局牵头实施的地方项目，国家为践行全国团结与通过住房解决社会排斥的政策目标，会对该类项目提供支持。 OPAH主要分为四类： ——普通型OPAH：旨在升级街区及其居住环境； ——城市更新型OPAH：旨在通过制定涉及土地或房地产干预措施、以及公法强制工具（如卫生整治、拆除作业等）的方案，整治“最棘手的城市与社会区域”。该类作业统筹协调各类工具（PRI、RHI、PSMV、ZPPAUP）； ——乡村振兴型OPAH：针对处于“活力衰退”阶段的乡村区域。此类区域的典型特征为人口失衡、收入失衡以及居住条件恶劣； ——共管公寓型OPAH：为破败共管公寓的预防与整治提供框架支持，此类公寓需要公共当局协助开展建筑保护所需的必要工程。 OPAH由国家（大区区长负责确定优先级并分配援助资金）、法国国家住房局（ANAH，Agence Nationale de l'Habitat）以及签署合作协议的相关当局联合规划并实施。 合作协议需明确载明干预范围：相关社区应与ANAH协商确定干预区域并设定该区域内的目标。 OPAH项目的实施周期最短为3年，最长不超过5年。 OPAH由《建筑与住房法典》（CCH，Construction and Housing Code）第L303-1条以法律形式予以界定。 参考链接：http://www.lesopah.fr/ 已完成的历史OPAH项目不再纳入本数据集，仅作归档留存。