OBJECTIVES: Dysregulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis has frequently been reported in multiple sclerosis (MS). So far, HPA axis function in MS has predominantly been studied under
Cross-sectional, hypothesis-free proteomic study aimed at identifying novel serum biomarkers in MS. A stepwise, or“triangular” biomarker discovery strategy was employed. This approach began with an ex
The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) protein is a cornerstone of the human immune response. Its activation by cGAMP in the presence of cytosolic DNA stimulates the production of type I interfero
Table 3 shows the median levels of sCD163, CXCL13, NEO, and OPN in serum, CSF, ratio, and index. Index formula: (Biomarker ratio / Albumin ratio). NfL has only been examined in CSF. Abbreviations: RRM