Processed soil moisture and satellite data for drought monitoring in a semiarid mining landscape

This dataset supports the study “Testing soil-profile information for applied drought monitoring in a semiarid mining landscape.” It combines processed soil moisture observations, local meteorological variables, and satellite-derived vegetation indicators from the Heidaigou–Haerwusu mining landscape in Inner Mongolia, China, covering 17 November 2023 to 31 August 2025. Soil observations represent four profiles within two monitoring systems, with measurement depths of 25, 75, and 125 cm at system 302 and 50, 150, and 250 cm at system 303. Satellite records include Sentinel-2 and Landsat-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and MODIS MOD17A2HGF Collection 6.1 gross primary productivity (GPP). The archive contains processed daily observations, matched observation intervals, supplementary Tables S1–S8, analysis outputs, satellite provenance metadata, and Python code for reproducing the statistical analyses. These materials support evaluation of soil-layer response offsets, soil–vegetation associations, and the incremental contribution of soil moisture to satellite productivity estimates. Field definitions, units, dependencies, and reproduction instructions are provided. Original field workbooks and satellite raster files are not included; reproduction begins with the supplied processed inputs.