Magnetic and elemental data of a ferromanganes nodule from the Magellan Seamounts

The western Pacific serves as a crucial archive of past oceanic and climatic variability, offering key insights into deep-sea redox dynamics and their linkage to global climate change. In this study, we utilize paleomagnetic stratigraphy and metal distribution data from a ferromanganese nodule in the Magellan Seamounts to reconstruct redox conditions during the Plio-Pleistocene epochs and to evaluate their links with global climate changes. Our key findings include: (1) 18 magnetozones are identified in the nodule and preliminarily correlated to the geomagnetic polarity timescale from chrons C1n to C3r. This correlation suggests nodule growth rates of 2.7–5.8 mm/Myr over the past 5.4 Myr. (2) Arborization-like growth structures are observed within the nodule, along with evidence for a hydrogenetic genesis, allowing for a regional redox reconstruction. By integrating the Mn/Fe ratio and Co content of the nodule, we reveal a sustained decline in redox conditions since ~3.2 Ma, and identify a synchronized anti-phase relationship with multiple intervals of better ventilation in the Magellan Seamounts comparing other sites in the North Pacific. The complex interplay between bathymetric features and regional circulation likely contributed to spatial heterogeneity in redox states. Our findings highlight the role of unique topography and geomorphology in modulating bottom-water circulation and redox dynamics during past climate transitions.