Global Lithological Map Database v1.0 (gridded to 0.5° spatial resolution)

Lithology describes the geochemical, mineralogical, and physical properties of rocks. It plays a key role in many processes at the Earth surface, especially the fluxes of matter to soils, ecosystems, rivers, and oceans. Understanding these processes at the global scale requires a high resolution description of lithology. A new high resolution global lithological map (GLiM) was assembled from existing regional geological maps translated into lithological information with the help of regional literature. The GLiM represents the rock types of the Earth surface using 1,235,400 polygons. The lithological classification consists of three levels. The first level contains 16 lithological classes comparable to previously applied definitions in global lithological maps. The additional two levels contain 12 and 14 subclasses, respectively, which describe more specific rock attributes. According to the GLiM, the Earth is covered by 64 % sediments (a third of which is carbonates), 13 % metamorphics, 7 % plutonics, and 6 % volcanics, and 10% are covered by water or ice. The high resolution of the GLiM allows observation of regional lithological distributions which often vary from the global average. The GLiM enables regional analysis of Earth surface processes at global scales.

岩性（Lithology）描述了岩石的地球化学、矿物学与物理属性。其在地球表层诸多自然过程中发挥关键作用，尤其在物质向土壤、生态系统、河流及海洋的通量输送环节中尤为重要。要在全球尺度上理解这些过程，亟需高精度的岩性描述数据。研究团队借助区域文献，将现有区域地质图转化为岩性信息，进而构建了一套全新的高精度全球岩性图（GLiM）。该全球岩性图通过1235400个多边形单元表征地球表层的岩石类型。其岩性分类体系共分为三级：一级分类包含16个岩性类别，分类定义与此前全球岩性图中采用的标准相一致；二级与三级分类则分别设有12个和14个子类，可用于描述更为精细的岩石属性特征。根据该全球岩性图的统计结果，地球表层64%被沉积物（sediments）覆盖（其中三分之一为碳酸盐岩（carbonates）），13%为变质岩（metamorphics），7%为深成岩（plutonics），6%为火山岩（volcanics），剩余10%则被水体或冰川覆盖。该全球岩性图的高精度特性，使其能够观测到往往偏离全球平均值的区域岩性分布格局。该数据集可支持在全球尺度下开展地球表层过程的区域分析研究。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是一个高分辨率的全球岩石类型地图数据库，包含16个主要岩石类别和多个子类，覆盖了地球表面的64%沉积物、13%变质岩、7%深成岩和6%火山岩。数据集支持全球尺度的地表过程分析，特别是物质流动的研究。