Taxa‑level relative abundance tables from saccharin–insulin sensitivity pilot study (supplementary dataset)

This dataset originates from an open‑label, proof‑of‑concept pilot study investigating whether saccharin consumption affects insulin sensitivity in humans, assessed by the hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp technique. Fourteen overweight but non‑diabetic participants (mean age 60.5 years, SD 4.1; mean body mass index 27.6 kg/m², SD 0.7) consumed 5 mg/kg/day saccharin for three months, with insulin sensitivity measured immediately before and after the intervention. Blood samples were collected for diabetes‑related biomarkers, and stool samples were obtained before, during, and after saccharin intake for gut microbiota profiling by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The supplementary dataset comprises two tables reporting longitudinal changes in gut microbial taxa between baseline (month 0) and the end of the study (month 3), based on paired Wilcoxon signed‑rank tests applied to relative abundance data. Supplementary Table 1 presents results at the Zotu level, including mean relative abundance and prevalence at each time point, fold changes, unadjusted p‑values (p_value), false discovery rate–adjusted p‑values (p_value_fdr), and corresponding taxonomic annotations. Supplementary Table 2 summarises analogous results at the Family level, reporting mean relative abundance and prevalence at baseline and month 3, fold changes, unadjusted and FDR‑adjusted p‑values, and taxonomic annotations for each Family detected. Together, these tables provide a transparent overview of taxa showing within‑subject changes over the saccharin intervention period and are intended to support re‑analysis and integration with other microbiome and metabolic datasets.