热带海洋盐雾气氛自润滑耐磨防腐涂层技术研究新进展

随着“南海海洋纵深开发”和“深海深地深空”国家战略持续推进，热带海洋气氛下的磨损与腐蚀耦合损伤成为海洋装备的关键技术瓶颈. 本文中通过对比我国四大海域(渤海、黄海、东海及南海)海洋多场作用因素及装备苛刻服役环境，重点指出了热带海洋(南海海域)工程装备运动传动系统/部件所面临的“摩擦-磨损-腐蚀”共性技术难题；讨论分析模拟海洋腐蚀介质与实海环境下DLC薄膜、陶瓷涂层、轻合金微弧氧化涂层、MoS2基粘结涂层(软质)和功能一体化高分子合金(软质)等自润滑涂层的摩擦磨损行为及其损伤失效特点；从界面协同与功能匹配角度提出了热带海洋动态自润滑耐磨防腐的科学问题及研究新思路，寄望提升我国在热带海洋高技术装备关键传动部件/系统自润滑防腐方面的技术水平.

Against the backdrop of the continuous advancement of China's national strategies for the in-depth development of the South China Sea and the exploration of the deep sea, deep earth and deep space, coupled wear and corrosion damage under tropical marine atmospheric conditions has emerged as a critical technical bottleneck restricting the development of marine equipment. This paper first compares the multi-field marine environmental factors and harsh service environments of China's four major sea areas, namely the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea, and highlights the common technical challenges of "friction-wear-corrosion" faced by motion transmission systems and components of engineering equipment in tropical marine environments (specifically the South China Sea). It then discusses and analyzes the tribological behavior and damage failure characteristics of various self-lubricating coatings, including diamond-like carbon (DLC) films, ceramic coatings, micro-arc oxidation coatings on light alloys, MoS₂-based adhesive coatings (soft type), and functionally integrated polymer alloys (soft type), under both simulated marine corrosive media and real in-situ marine environments. From the perspective of interface synergy and functional matching, this paper proposes scientific issues and new research directions for dynamic self-lubricating, wear-resistant and anti-corrosion technologies applicable to tropical marine environments, aiming to elevate China's technical level in self-lubricating and anti-corrosion technologies for key transmission components and systems of high-tech marine equipment in tropical marine regions.