Clinical and study characteristics of controls and the patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Data are mean ± SEM. HFpEF indicates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; LV, left ventricular; IVSd, interventricular wall thickness at end-diastole; PWd, LV posterior wall thickness at end-diastole; RWT, relative wall thickness; EF, ejection fraction; E, early transmitral flow velocity; DcT, deceleration time of early transmitral flow velocity; e′, septal mitral annular early diastolic velocity; LAVI, left atrial volume index; and DWS, diastolic wall strain. *P<0.05 vs. control group.