Pooled estimates across reviews for length of stay and operating time.

LCI: Lower Confidence Interval; UCI: Upper Confidence Interval. AMSTAR score is an assessment of review quality (0–11 best), see text for details; Blank indicates it was not possible to extract this data from the review; % weight is weight from a random effects panoramic meta-analysis; No. Obs. refers to the intention to treat population and includes all patients randomised over all of the included studies (excludes observational studies if the analysis only includes the subset of randomised studies).