全球土地退化分布数据集

2000年以来，全球传统土地退化区中，非洲萨赫勒地区、埃塞俄比亚高原和东非高原、巴西高原、黑海和里海北部等区域，退化扩展和加重趋势明显，这主要是由人口压力和经济利益驱动下的不合理大面积开垦、弃耕以及落后的农业基础设施和农业生产管理模式造成，气候变化不是导致土地退化的主因。
同期，在全球传统土地退化区中，中国、南亚次大陆等区域土地退化态势出现了逆转，在较大范围内土地质量的改善和恢复明显。其中，中国主要通过有效的生态工程治理（退耕还林/草、封山育林、植树造林等措施），大范围提高了退化土地的植被覆盖能力，实现了退化土地的改善和恢复；印度主要通过实施“绿色革命”，完善农业灌溉体系和推广先进的农业耕作和管理技术，有效提高了农田生产力，土地退化态势得到有效遏制。中国和印度的大面积土地退化治理成果，为全球的土地退化治理提供了可供借鉴的经验和范例。
与以往的监测结果不同，本报告结果显示，2000年以来亚马孙平原和刚果盆地等全球水热条件最佳的热带雨林区域出现了大面积的森林退化，这主要与全球变化背景下的气候变暖、厄尔尼诺等引起的连年干旱以及森林的大范围砍伐、开垦和频繁的火灾干扰等因素密切相关。在这些非传统的土地退化区域所出现的大面积、高强度退化现象，对SDG土地
退化防治目标的实现构成了新的挑战，必须引起国际社会和相关国家的高度重视。

Since 2000, in the global traditional land degradation areas, regions including the Sahel of Africa, the Ethiopian Highlands and East African Highlands, the Brazilian Plateau, and the northern areas of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea have seen prominent trends of expanded and exacerbated land degradation. This is mainly caused by unreasonable large-scale reclamation and abandonment driven by population pressure and economic interests, as well as backward agricultural infrastructure and agricultural production management models. Climate change is not the primary cause of land degradation here.

Meanwhile, in the global traditional land degradation areas, regions such as China and the South Asian subcontinent have seen a reversal of the land degradation trend, with notable improvements and restorations of land quality over large expanses. Specifically, China has largely improved the vegetation coverage capacity of degraded lands and achieved their improvement and restoration through effective ecological engineering governance measures, including conversion of cropland to forest/grassland, enclosure of mountains for afforestation, and afforestation. India has effectively increased farmland productivity by implementing the Green Revolution, improving agricultural irrigation systems, and promoting advanced agricultural farming and management technologies, thus effectively curbing the trend of land degradation. The large-scale land degradation control achievements of China and India have provided referenceable experiences and models for global land degradation governance.

Unlike previous monitoring results, the findings of this report indicate that since 2000, large-scale forest degradation has occurred in tropical rainforest regions with the most favorable hydrothermal conditions globally, such as the Amazon Plain and the Congo Basin. This is mainly closely related to factors including consecutive droughts caused by climate warming and El Niño events against the backdrop of global change, as well as large-scale deforestation, reclamation, and frequent fire disturbances in forests. The large-scale, high-intensity degradation phenomena in these non-traditional land degradation areas pose new challenges to the achievement of SDG targets for land degradation prevention and control, and must draw high attention from the international community and relevant countries.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了2000年至2018年全球土地退化的分布情况，基于中国自主开发的植被净初级生产力（NPP）数据产品，结合气象和土地覆盖数据。数据集揭示了传统退化区域如非洲萨赫勒地区的退化加剧趋势，主要归因于人为因素，同时展示了中国和印度通过生态工程和农业技术实现土地退化逆转的成功案例。此外，数据集还指出非传统退化区域如亚马逊平原出现大规模森林退化，这对全球土地退化防治目标提出了新挑战。