全球土地退化分布数据集

2000年以来，全球传统土地退化区中，非洲萨赫勒地区、埃塞俄比亚高原和东非高原、巴西高原、黑海和里海北部等区域，退化扩展和加重趋势明显，这主要是由人口压力和经济利益驱动下的不合理大面积开垦、弃耕以及落后的农业基础设施和农业生产管理模式造成，气候变化不是导致土地退化的主因。
同期，在全球传统土地退化区中，中国、南亚次大陆等区域土地退化态势出现了逆转，在较大范围内土地质量的改善和恢复明显。其中，中国主要通过有效的生态工程治理（退耕还林/草、封山育林、植树造林等措施），大范围提高了退化土地的植被覆盖能力，实现了退化土地的改善和恢复；印度主要通过实施“绿色革命”，完善农业灌溉体系和推广先进的农业耕作和管理技术，有效提高了农田生产力，土地退化态势得到有效遏制。中国和印度的大面积土地退化治理成果，为全球的土地退化治理提供了可供借鉴的经验和范例。
与以往的监测结果不同，本报告结果显示，2000年以来亚马孙平原和刚果盆地等全球水热条件最佳的热带雨林区域出现了大面积的森林退化，这主要与全球变化背景下的气候变暖、厄尔尼诺等引起的连年干旱以及森林的大范围砍伐、开垦和频繁的火灾干扰等因素密切相关。在这些非传统的土地退化区域所出现的大面积、高强度退化现象，对SDG土地
退化防治目标的实现构成了新的挑战，必须引起国际社会和相关国家的高度重视。

Since 2000, regions including the African Sahel, Ethiopian and East African Plateaus, Brazilian Plateau, and northern Black Sea and Caspian Sea areas within the world's traditional land degradation zones have shown clear trends of expanded and aggravated land degradation. This is mainly caused by unreasonable large-scale reclamation, land abandonment driven by population pressure and economic interests, as well as backward agricultural infrastructure and agricultural production management models. Climate change is not the primary cause of land degradation here.

During the same period, regions such as China and the South Asian subcontinent within the global traditional land degradation zones have seen a reversal of land degradation trends, with notable improvements and restorations of land quality across large areas. Specifically, China has substantially improved vegetation coverage of degraded lands and achieved their improvement and restoration mainly through effective ecological engineering governance measures, including converting cropland to forest/grassland, closing hillsides for afforestation, and large-scale afforestation. India has effectively curbed land degradation by implementing the Green Revolution, improving agricultural irrigation systems, and promoting advanced agricultural tillage and management technologies, which boosted farmland productivity significantly. The large-scale land degradation control achievements of China and India have provided replicable experiences and examples for global land degradation management.

Unlike previous monitoring results, this report shows that large-scale forest degradation has occurred in tropical rainforest regions with the world's optimal hydrothermal conditions, such as the Amazon Plain and the Congo Basin, since 2000. This is closely related to factors including successive droughts caused by global warming and El Niño events under the context of global change, as well as large-scale deforestation, reclamation, and frequent fire disturbances. The large-scale, high-intensity degradation phenomena in these non-traditional land degradation zones pose new challenges to the achievement of SDG targets for combating land degradation, which must draw high attention from the international community and relevant countries.

AI搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集提供了2000年至2018年全球土地退化的分布情况，基于中国自主开发的植被净初级生产力（NPP）数据产品，结合气象和土地覆盖数据。数据集揭示了传统退化区域如非洲萨赫勒地区的退化加剧趋势，主要归因于人为因素，同时展示了中国和印度通过生态工程和农业技术实现土地退化逆转的成功案例。此外，数据集还指出非传统退化区域如亚马逊平原出现大规模森林退化，这对全球土地退化防治目标提出了新挑战。