Argonaut octopuses secrete shell from their arms and form a fine shell, whereas the octopus ancestor has lost the outer shell shared in molluscs. In order to revolutionize the shell in the Argonauts,
Many calcifying organisms utilize metabolic CO2 to generate CaCO3 minerals to harden their shells and skeletons. Carbonic anhydrases are evolutionary ancient enzymes that were...
Biomineralization templated by organic molecules to produce inorganic-organic nanocomposites is a fascinating example of nature using bottom-up strategies at nanoscale to accomplish highly ordered mul
