Wind Generation Time Interval Exploration Data

This is the data set behind the Wind Generation Interactive Query Tool created by the CEC. The visualization tool interactively displays wind generation over different time intervals in three-dimensional space. The viewer can look across the state to understand generation patterns of regions with concentrations of wind power plants. The tool aids in understanding high and low periods of generation. Operation of the electric grid requires that generation and demand are balanced in each period. The height and color of columns at wind generation areas are scaled and shaded to represent capacity factors (CFs) of the areas in a specific time interval. Capacity factor is the ratio of the energy produced to the amount of energy that could ideally have been produced in the same period using the rated nameplate capacity. Due to natural variations in wind speeds, higher factors tend to be seen over short time periods, with lower factors over longer periods. The capacity used is the reported nameplate capacity from the Quarterly Fuel and Energy Report, CEC-1304A. CFs are based on wind plants in service in the wind generation areas. Renewable energy resources like wind facilities vary in size and geographic distribution within each state. Resource planning, land use constraints, climate zones, and weather patterns limit availability of these resources and where they can be developed. National, state, and local policies also set limits on energy generation and use. An example of resource planning in California is the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. By exploring the visualization, a viewer can gain a three-dimensional understanding of temporal variation in generation CFs, along with how the wind generation areas compare to one another. The viewer can observe that areas peak in generation in different periods. The large range in CFs is also visible.本数据集为CEC开发的风电交互式查询工具的配套数据集。该可视化工具可在三维空间中交互式展示不同时间区间内的风电出力情况。使用者可从全州范围了解风电装机集中区域的出力规律，该工具可帮助使用者理解风电出力的高低峰时段。电力电网运行要求各时段内的发电与用电需求保持平衡。风电区域的柱状标识高度与色彩将通过缩放与着色，表征特定时段内该区域的容量因子（capacity factor, CF）。容量因子指的是，同一时段内实际产出的电能与以额定铭牌容量在理想工况下可产出的最大电能之比。由于风速存在自然波动，容量因子往往在短时段内更高，长时段内则相对更低。本次计算所用的装机容量，源自《季度燃料与能源报告》（CEC-1304A）中披露的铭牌额定容量。容量因子的计算基于风电区域内已并网投运的风电场。风电设施这类可再生能源，在各州的装机规模与地理分布均存在差异。资源规划、土地使用限制、气候分区与气象模式，均会制约这类可再生能源的可用范围与开发选址。国家、州级与地方政策也会对能源发电与使用设置限制。以加利福尼亚州为例，其资源规划的典型案例为《沙漠可再生能源保护计划》。通过探索该可视化工具，使用者可获得三维视角下的风电出力容量因子时间变化特征，以及各风电区域之间的对比情况。使用者可观察到各风电区域的出力高峰时段各不相同，容量因子的显著波动区间也可直观呈现。