DATA EXTRACTION TABLE FOR: Effects of progressive resistance training on muscle strength, functional mobility, balance, fatigue and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Evidence on the effects of progressive resistance training (PRT) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) remains heterogeneous across physical function and psychosocial outcomes. This study evaluated the effects of PRT on muscle strength, functional mobility, balance, fatigue, and quality of life (QoL) in PwMS. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Trials conducted on adults with clinically confirmed MS (≥18 years) comparing stand-alone PRT with non-PRT controls were included. Results: From 4,907 records, 26 publications (21 trials) were included qualitatively and 23 publications (20 trials) in the meta-analysis (825 participants; EDSS 1–6.5). PRT significantly improved muscle strength compared to non-exercising controls (SMD = 0.76, 95% CI 0.49–1.02; p < 0.00001), with the most consistent effects for isometric strength. Functional mobility was outcome specific: PRT improved Timed Up and Go performance (SMD = −0.60; MD = −1.66 s), and self-reported walking ability (SMD = −1.06), while effects on Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test (5STS) and gait speed were non-significant with high heterogeneity. Fatigue was reduced with a large pooled effect (SMD = −0.78; moderate certainty). Evidence for balance and QoL was limited and inconsistent. Conclusion: In ambulatory PwMS, stand-alone PRT is safe and effective for improving muscle strength, self-perceiving walking ability, reducing fatigue and it may improve Timed Up and Go (TUG) performance. Effects on balance, QoL, and objective gait outcomes remain variable, indicating a potential need for multimodal interventions.