GEMS-GLORI world river discharge database

The GEMS-GLORI register, circulated by UNEP for review in 1996, lists 555 world major rivers discharging to oceans (Q > 10 km**3/year, or A > 10 000 km**2, or sediment discharge > 5Mt/year, or basin population >5M people). Up to 48 river attributes are listed, including major ions and nutrients (C, N, P) in both dissolved, particulate, organic and inorganic forms. For many rivers, two or three sets of data are provided with relevant periods of records and references. Although half of the selected rivers are not yet documented for water quality, most of the first 40 rivers are well described (Irrawady, Zambezi, Ogooue, Magdalena, are noted exceptions). Altogether about 10 000 individual data from 500 references are listed. The global coverage in terms of river discharge and/or drainage area ranges from 40 to 67% for most major water quality attributes but drops to 25% for some organic and/or particulate forms of N and P. Planned development of the register includes collection of information on particulate chemistry and data on endorheic rivers and selected tributaries.

1996年由联合国环境规划署（UNEP）发布供评审的GEMS-GLORI登记册，共收录555条注入海洋的全球主要河流，入选标准为：径流量（Q）＞10 km³/年、流域面积（A）＞10000 km²、输沙量＞5 Mt/年，或流域人口＞500万。该登记册至多收录48项河流属性指标，涵盖溶解态、颗粒态、有机及无机形态下的主要离子与营养盐（碳C、氮N、磷P）。针对多数河流，数据集同时提供2至3组不同观测时段的实测数据及对应参考文献来源。尽管有半数入选河流尚未有水质相关记录，但前40条河流中的绝大多数均有详实描述（伊洛瓦底江、赞比西河、奥果韦河、马格达莱纳河为已知例外情况）。该登记册累计收录了来自500篇参考文献的约10000条单条实测数据。就多数主要水质指标而言，数据集在河流径流量和/或流域面积维度的全球覆盖范围介于40%至67%之间；但针对部分有机态及颗粒态的氮、磷指标，覆盖范围仅降至25%。该登记册后续规划的完善工作包括收集颗粒态化学组分相关数据，以及内流河与指定支流的监测资料。