The structure of vanadate glasses containing BaTiO3.

The structure of vanadate glasses doped with BaTiO3 was measured by SEM technique. Samples of the composition of x[BaO,TiO2]–(80 − x)V2O5–20Bi2O3 where x = 5, 10 and 15 in mol% were prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique. The melting was performed in alumina crucibles at the temperature of 1273 K–1373 K. The melts were poured on a preheated (573 K) brass plate and pressed by another plate. The chemical compositions of the glasses were determined by energy‐dispersive Xray spectrometer (EDX GENESIS Apex Apollo X60 spectrometer, Mahwah, NJ, USA) analysis, using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), FEI Company Quanta FEG250 (FEI, Eindhoven , The Netherlands). SEM observations were done with a SE‐ETD detector (secondary electron—Everhart–Thornley detector) using a 20 kV beam accelerating voltage and under the high vacuum (pressure 10−4 Pa). Samples were freshly fractured before measurements. Detailed information can be found in: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2014.01.008