Descriptive Statistics for Observed Variables by Grades.

Note. IQ = Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (raw scores); SD = Syllable deletion; PD = Phoneme deletion; HPA = Homophone awareness; CWP = Compound word production; HGA = Homograph awareness; OA = orthographical awareness; SRF = Silent reading fluency; RC = Reading comprehension. Equal sign indicated non-significant difference, and less-than symbol indicated p <. 05 or less. Descriptive Statistics for Observed Variables by Grades.