黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（大沙龙站自动气象站-2024）

该数据集包含了2024年1月1日至2024年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网上游大沙龙站气象要素观测数据。站点位于青海省祁连县西侧沙龙滩地区，下垫面是沼泽化高寒草甸。观测点的经纬度是98.9406E，38.8399N，海拔3739m。空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在地面上的防撬箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在10m处；风速与风向传感器架设在10m，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪安装在6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤水分探头埋设在地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方；土壤热流板（3块）依次埋设在地下6cm处，并距离气象塔2m的正南方。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m）（单位：摄氏度、百分比）、气压（Press）（单位：百帕）、降水量（Rain）（单位：毫米）、风速（WS_10m）（单位：米/秒）、风向（WD_10m）（单位：度）、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）（单位：瓦/平方米）、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）（单位：瓦/平方米）、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）（单位：摄氏度）、土壤水分（Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）（单位：体积含水量，百分比）。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-9999标示；6月15日至10月20日由于雷击导致采集器损坏，数据缺失。（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2024-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)和Che et al. (2019)。

This dataset contains meteorological element observation data from the Upper Dashaolong Station of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024. The station is located in the Shalongtan area west of Qilian County, Qinghai Province, with an underlying surface of swamped alpine meadow. The geographic coordinates of the observation site are 98.9406°E, 38.8399°N, and the elevation is 3739 m.

Air temperature and relative humidity sensors are mounted at 5 m height, facing north; the barometer is installed inside a tamper-proof box on the ground; the tipping-bucket rain gauge is installed at 10 m; the wind speed and direction sensors are mounted at 10 m, facing north; the four-component radiometer is installed at 6 m, facing south; two infrared thermometers are installed at 6 m, facing south with probes pointing vertically downward. Soil temperature probes are buried at 0 cm (surface) and 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground, 2 m due south of the meteorological tower; soil moisture probes are buried at 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground, 2 m due south of the meteorological tower; three soil heat flux plates are sequentially buried at 6 cm underground, 2 m due south of the meteorological tower.

Observation items include: air temperature and humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m) (units: °C, %), barometric pressure (Press) (unit: hectopascal), precipitation (Rain) (unit: mm), wind speed (WS_10m) (unit: m/s), wind direction (WD_10m) (unit: °), four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) (unit: W/m²), surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) (unit: °C), soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) (unit: W/m²), soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) (unit: °C), soil moisture (Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) (unit: volumetric water content, %).

Data processing and quality control: (1) Ensure 144 data points per day (every 10 minutes), missing data is marked with -9999; data was missing from June 15 to October 20 due to damage to the data collector caused by lightning strikes. (2) Remove records with duplicate timestamps; (3) Delete data that obviously exceeds physical limits or instrument measuring ranges; (4) Data marked in red indicates questionable records; (5) The date and time formats are unified, and date and time are recorded in the same column. For example, the time format is: 2024-9-10 10:30; (6) The naming convention is: AWS+station name.

For information on the Heihe Comprehensive Observation Network or the stations, please refer to Liu et al. (2018) and Che et al. (2019).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是黑河流域地表过程综合观测网中上游大沙龙站2024年全年的自动气象站观测数据，覆盖空气温湿度、降水、风速风向、辐射、土壤温湿度等多要素，时间分辨率为小时。数据集来自高海拔沼泽化高寒草甸环境，经过严格的质量控制处理，适用于水文和地表过程研究。