Relative expression of fourteen honey bee genes as measured by RNA-seq and qPCR.

*P<0.1, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. The fourteen genes are a subset of the 81 genes identified as differentially expressed by RNA-seq. The first two columns of data are technical replicates of the same biological sample, whereas the latter two columns represent a different cohort and include an additional time point. P-values are indicated for the two-sided t-test of equal means ΔCt in treatment and control groups, where ΔCt is the approximate expression differential on a log2 scale relative to the geometric mean of five reference genes. T-tests were performed on the log2 values because the linear values deviate strongly from a normal distribution. Expression cluster is that assigned to the best Drosophila melanogaster homolog of each gene by [30]; “n/a” indicates that no Drosophila homolog exists and “none” indicates that the Drosophila homolog was left unclustered by [30].