Supporting data for "Chromosome‐level genome of the globe skimmer dragonfly (<i>Pantala flavescens</i>)"

The globe skimmer dragonfly (<i>Pantala flavescens</i>) is a notable Odonata insect distributed in nature fields and farmlands worldwide and is commonly recognized as a natural enemy, as it preys on agricultural pests and health pests. Composing one of the sister groups of winged insects, odonatan species are key to understanding insect evolution. <br>We present a chromosome-level reference genome of <i>P. flavescens</i>, which is also the first chromosomelevel genome in the Palaeoptera (a subclass of insects that are unable to flex their wings over their abdomen and includes the orders Odonata and Ephemeroptera). The assembled genome size was 662 Mb, with a contig N50 of 16.2 Mb. Via Hi-C scaffolding, 648 Mb (97.6%) of contig sequences were clustered, ordered and assembled into 12 large scaffolds, each corresponding to a natural chromosome. The repetitive sequences and gene density of the X chromosome were similar to those of autosomal sequences, but the X chromosome showed a much lower degree of heterozygosity. Our analysis shows that the effective population experienced three declining events, which may have been caused by climate change and environmental pollution. <br>The genome of <i>P. flavescens</i><em> </em>is conducive for the utilization of this species in pest control and provides more information on the biology and evolution of insects.