The study took the form of a cross-sectional questionnaire among patients at the University of Pretoria's Oral Health Centre, focusing on perceptions of vaping's effects on health. Data was collected
Notes. *p<.05. **p<.005. ***p<.0005. NS = Not smoking, Cig = Smoking, OR = odds ratio, CI = confidence interval. Means were derived by averaging across subjects the within-subject computed means. All
Harmful behavior such as smoking may reflect a disturbance in the balance of goaldirectedand habitual control. Animal models suggest that habitual control develops after...
