Primary Care Health Professional Shortage Areas in California

From the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration: "What is a Health Professional Shortage Area (HPSA)? HPSAs can be geographic areas, populations, or facilities. These areas have a shortage of primary, dental, or mental health care providers. What is a geographic HPSA? A shortage of providers for an entire group of people within a defined geographic area. What is a population HPSA? A shortage of providers for a specific group of people within a defined geographic area. Examples include low-income populations, homeless populations, and migrant farmworker populations. What is a facility HPSA? Other Facility (OFAC) Public or non-profit private medical facilities. They serve a population or geographic area with a shortage of providers. Correctional Facility Medium- to maximum-security federal and state correctional institutions. Youth detention facilities with a shortage of providers State/County Mental Hospitals State or county hospitals with a shortage of mental health providers (mental health designations only) Automatic Facility HPSAs (Auto-HPSAs) Facilities automatically designated as HPSAs based on statue or through regulation. These include: Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) Provide primary care to an area or group of people in need. Offer a sliding fee scale. Provide complete services. Have an ongoing quality assurance program. Have a governing board of directors. All organizations receiving grants under Health Center Program Section 330 of the Public Health Service Act are FQHCs. FQHC Look-A-Likes (LALs) Community-based health care providers Meet the requirements of the HRSA Health Center Program Don’t receive Health Center Program funding Indian Health Facilities Federal Indian Health Service (IHS), tribally run and Urban Indian health clinics Provide medical services to members of federally recognized tribes and Alaska Natives IHS and Tribal Hospitals Federal Indian Health Service (IHS) and tribally run hospitals Provide medical services to members of federally recognized tribes and Alaska Natives Dual-funded Community Health Centers/Tribal Clinics Health centers that receive funding from tribal entities and HRSA Provide medical services to members of federally recognized tribes and Alaska Natives CMS-Certified Rural Health Clinics (RHCs) Outpatient clinics located in non-urbanized areas that are Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) certified and meet NHSC Site requirements (such as accepting Medicaid and CHIP and providing services on a sliding fee scale)." HPSAs are scored from 0-25, with higher scores indicating greater needs for more providers.本内容源自美国卫生资源和服务管理局（U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration）："何为卫生专业人员短缺区（Health Professional Shortage Area，HPSA）？卫生专业人员短缺区可分为地理区域型、人群型及医疗机构型三类，此类区域均存在初级医疗、牙科或精神卫生服务提供者短缺的问题。何为地理型卫生专业人员短缺区？指划定地理范围内全体人群面临的医疗服务提供者短缺问题。何为人群型卫生专业人员短缺区？指划定地理范围内特定人群面临的医疗服务提供者短缺问题，例如低收入人群、无家可归人群及移民农场工人群体。何为医疗机构型卫生专业人员短缺区？具体包括：1. 其他医疗机构（Other Facility，OFAC）：公立或非营利性私立医疗设施，为存在服务提供者短缺的人群或地理区域提供服务；2. 惩教机构：中等到最高安保级别的联邦及州立惩教机构、存在服务提供者短缺问题的青少年拘留设施；3. 州/县立精神卫生医院：仅针对精神卫生资质认定的、存在精神卫生服务提供者短缺的州或县立医院；4. 自动认定医疗机构型卫生专业人员短缺区（Auto-HPSAs）：依据法规或监管条例自动被认定为HPSA的医疗机构，具体涵盖：（1）联邦合格医疗中心（Federally Qualified Health Centers，FQHCs）：为有需求的区域或人群提供初级医疗服务，实行滑动收费机制，提供全流程医疗服务，具备持续的质量保障计划，拥有管理董事会。所有获得《公共卫生服务法》第330条卫生中心项目拨款的机构均为FQHC；（2）准联邦合格医疗中心（FQHC Look-A-Likes，LALs）：以社区为基础的医疗服务提供者，符合美国卫生资源和服务管理局卫生中心项目的要求，但未获得卫生中心项目拨款；（3）印第安人卫生设施：联邦印第安人卫生服务局（Federal Indian Health Service，IHS）运营、部落运营及城市印第安人卫生诊所，为联邦认定的部落成员及阿拉斯加原住民提供医疗服务；（4）IHS及部落运营医院：联邦印第安人卫生服务局及部落运营的医院，为联邦认定的部落成员及阿拉斯加原住民提供医疗服务；（5）双资助社区卫生中心/部落诊所：同时获得部落实体及美国卫生资源和服务管理局拨款的卫生中心，为联邦认定的部落成员及阿拉斯加原住民提供医疗服务；（6）美国医疗保险与医疗补助服务中心（Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services，CMS）认证的乡村卫生诊所（Rural Health Clinics，RHCs）：位于非城市化区域的门诊诊所，通过CMS认证且符合国家卫生服务军团（National Health Service Corps，NHSC）站点要求（例如接受医疗补助计划（Medicaid）及儿童健康保险计划（CHIP）支付，并实行滑动收费机制）。卫生专业人员短缺区的评分区间为0至25分，评分越高代表该区域对医疗服务提供者的需求越迫切。