1982-2000年乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川水文气象观测资料

天山冰川观测试验站的常规水文、气象观测在乌鲁木齐河源区的1号冰川水文点、空冰斗水文点、总控制水文点以及后峡基本营地进行。1号冰川水文点设在离1号冰川末端300 m的河道上、实施1号冰川冰雪径流的监测、断面海拔3695 m、流域面积3.34平方公里、其中冰川面积1.65平方公里。为混凝土矩形断面 (高1.0 m、宽1.6 m)、气象场设在断面左岸。空冰斗水文点设在乌鲁木齐河源区左侧、斗口朝南、进行高山区积雪、多年冻土融水径流的观测、断面海拔3805 m、流域面积1.68平方公里、为混凝土矩形断面(高1.0 m、宽1.0 m)、气象场设在断面右岸。在乌鲁木齐河源区大西沟和罗布道沟汇合处、设有总控制水文点、控制监测乌鲁木齐河源区降水和7条冰川以及冰川周围高山积雪、多年冻土的总融水径流该控制端面海拔3408 m、流域面积28.9平方公里其中冰川面积5.6平方公里。为混凝土断面、设有工作桥、气象场设在断面左岸冰碛丘上。三个水文断面均装有自计水位计、测流主要用流速仪法、即时流量由水位－流量关系线求得。气象观测项目主要为气温、降水、湿度、蒸发、地温、日照等。后峡基本营地气象观测场位于乌鲁木齐河谷、海拔2130 m、进行常规气象要素观测。所有观测资料均按规范进行整理，本数据集为乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川1982-2000年水文气象观测资料。Routine hydrological and meteorological observations at the Tianshan Glaciological Station are carried out at the Glacier No.1 Hydrological Station, Cirque Hydrological Station, Main Control Hydrological Station, and the Basic Camp at Houxia within the Urumqi River Source Area. The Glacier No.1 Hydrological Station is situated on the river channel 300 m downstream from the terminus of Glacier No.1, tasked with monitoring the snow and ice runoff of Glacier No.1. Its cross-section is located at an altitude of 3695 m, with a catchment area of 3.34 km², of which the glaciated area covers 1.65 km². The cross-section is a concrete rectangular structure with a height of 1.0 m and width of 1.6 m, and the meteorological station is installed on the left bank of the cross-section. The Cirque Hydrological Station is located on the left side of the Urumqi River Source Area, with the cirque mouth facing south, and conducts observations of alpine snow and permafrost meltwater runoff. Its cross-section is at an altitude of 3805 m, with a catchment area of 1.68 km², and is a concrete rectangular cross-section with a height of 1.0 m and width of 1.0 m. The meteorological station is set on the right bank of the cross-section. The Main Control Hydrological Station is established at the confluence of Daxi Gully and Luobudao Gully in the Urumqi River Source Area, to monitor the total meltwater runoff from precipitation, 7 glaciers, alpine snow around the glaciers and permafrost in the Urumqi River Source Area. The control cross-section is at an altitude of 3408 m, with a catchment area of 28.9 km², of which the glaciated area is 5.6 km². It has a concrete cross-section, is equipped with a working bridge, and the meteorological station is located on the moraine mound on the left bank of the cross-section. All three hydrological cross-sections are equipped with automatic water level gauges. Discharge measurement mainly adopts the current meter method, and the instantaneous discharge is calculated via the water level-discharge rating curve. The main meteorological observation items include air temperature, precipitation, humidity, evaporation, ground temperature, sunshine duration and other related parameters. The meteorological observation field at the Basic Camp at Houxia is located in the Urumqi River Valley, at an altitude of 2130 m, and conducts routine observations of meteorological elements. All observation data are sorted and organized in accordance with relevant specifications. This dataset contains hydrological and meteorological observation data of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River Source Area from 1982 to 2000.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集包含1982年至2000年乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川及其周边区域的水文气象观测资料，覆盖多个水文点和气象场，监测项目包括气温、降水、湿度、蒸发、地温、日照和水文径流等。数据由'国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心'提供，可通过线上申请流程完全共享，适用于冰川变化和气候研究。