Potential, Properties and Sources of Plant Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Nanovesicles

The ascending interest in human extracellular vesicles (EVs) has transferred only a little to plant derived EVs and nanovesicles yet. Although a series of investigations already pointed out promising health beneficial effects and drug delivery properties, adequate (pre)clinical studies are rare. This fact might be caused by the lack of sources with appropriate qualities. Our results demonstrate a new and well controllable source for plant EVs: plant cell suspension culture. In vitro cultured plant cells release EVs into the growth medium which could be harvested for pharmaceutical applications.