Solar Techno-economic Exclusion

The site suitability criteria included in the techno-economic land use screens are listed below. As this list is an update to previous cycles, tribal lands, prime farmland, and flood zones are not included as they are not technically infeasible for development. The techno-economic site suitability exclusion thresholds are presented in Table 1. Distances indicate the minimum distance from each feature for commercial scale solar development. Attributes: Steeply sloped areas: change in vertical elevation compared to horizontal distance Population density: the number of people living in a 1 km2 area Urban areas: defined by the U.S. Census.8 Water bodies: defined by the U.S. National Atlas Water Feature Areas, available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool9 Railways: a comprehensive database of North America's railway system from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA), available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool Major highways: available from ESRI Living Atlas10 Airports: The Airports dataset including other aviation facilities as of July 13, 2018 is part of the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT)/Bureau of Transportation Statistics' (BTS's) National Transportation Atlas Database (NTAD). The Airports database is a geographic point database of aircraft landing facilities in the United States and U.S. Territories. Attribute data is provided on the physical and operational characteristics of the landing facility, current usage including enplanements and aircraft operations, congestion levels and usage categories. This geospatial data is derived from the FAA's National Airspace System Resource Aeronautical Data Product. Available from Argonne National Lab Energy Zone Mapping Tool Active mines: Active Mines and Mineral Processing Plants in the United States in 200311 Military Lands: Land owned by the federal government that is part of a US military base, camp, post, station, yard, center or installation. Table 1 Solar Steeply sloped areas >10o Population density >100/km2 Capacity factor <20% Urban areas <500 m Water bodies <250 m Railways <30 m Major highways <125 m Airports <1000 m Active mines <1000 m Military Lands <1000m For more information about the processes and sources used to develop the screening criteria see sources 1-7 in the footnotes. Data updates occur as needed, corresponding to typical 3-year CPUC IRP planning cycles. Footnotes: [1] Lopez, A. et. al. “U.S. Renewable Energy Technical Potentials: A GIS-Based Analysis,” 2012. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51946.pdf [2] https://greeningthegrid.org/Renewable-Energy-Zones-Toolkit/topics/social-environmental-and-other-impacts#ReadingListAndCaseStudies [3] Multi-Criteria Analysis for Renewable Energy (MapRE), University of California Santa Barbara. https://mapre.es.ucsb.edu/ [4] Larson, E. et. al. “Net-Zero America: Potential Pathways, Infrastructure, and Impacts, Interim Report.” Princeton University, 2020. https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf331/files/2020-12/Princeton_NZA_Interim_Report_15_Dec_2020_FINAL.pdf. [5] Wu, G. et. al. “Low-Impact Land Use Pathways to Deep Decarbonization of Electricity.” Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 7 (July 10, 2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab87d1. [6] RETI Coordinating Committee, RETI Stakeholder Steering Committee. “Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative Phase 1B Final Report.” California Energy Commission, January 2009. [7] Pletka, Ryan, and Joshua Finn. “Western Renewable Energy Zones, Phase 1: QRA Identification Technical Report.” Black & Veatch and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2009. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46877.pdf. [8] https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php?year=2019&layergroup=Urban+Areas [9] https://ezmt.anl.gov/ [10] https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=fc870766a3994111bce4a083413988e4 [11] https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mineplant/ Credits Title: Techno-economic screening criteria for utility-scale solar photovoltaic energy installations for Integrated Resource Planning Purpose for creation: These exclusion criteria are for use in electric system planning, capacity expansion modeling, and integrated resource planning. Keywords: solar, photovoltaic, resource potential, techno-economic, PV, IRP Extent: western states of the contiguous U.S. Use Limitations The geospatial data created by the use of these techno-economic screens inform high-level estimates of technical renewable resource potential for electric system planning and should not be used, on their own, to guide siting of generation projects nor assess project-level impacts. Confidentiality: Public Contact Emily Leslie [e-mail] Sam Schreiber [e-mail] Jared Ferguson [e-mail] Oluwafemi Sawyerr [e-mail]本技术经济土地利用筛选所包含的场址适宜性标准如下。由于本列表为此前版本的更新迭代，部落土地、优质农田与洪水区因技术上不具备开发可行性，未被纳入本次筛选范围。技术经济场址适宜性的排除阈值详见表1。所有距离参数均为商业化规模太阳能开发时，与各类地物的最小安全距离。 属性说明： 1. 陡坡区域：垂直高差与水平距离的比值（即坡度） 2. 人口密度：每1平方公里范围内的居住人口总数 3. 城市区域：由美国人口普查局（U.S. Census）定义8 4. 水体：依据美国国家地图集（U.S. National Atlas）水体区域划定，数据可从阿贡国家实验室（Argonne National Lab）能源区绘图工具获取9 5. 铁路：北美铁路系统综合数据库，由联邦铁路管理局（Federal Railroad Administration, FRA）提供，可通过阿贡国家实验室能源区绘图工具获取 6. 主要高速公路：数据可从ESRI生活地图集（ESRI Living Atlas）获取10 7. 机场：2018年7月13日版本的机场及其他航空设施数据集，隶属于美国运输部（U.S. Department of Transportation, USDOT）/运输统计局（Bureau of Transportation Statistics, BTS）的国家运输地图集数据库（National Transportation Atlas Database, NTAD）。该机场数据库为美国及美属领地内飞机起降设施的地理点数据集，属性数据涵盖起降设施的物理与运行特征、当前使用情况（含旅客登机量与飞机起降架次）、拥堵等级与使用类别。此地理空间数据源自美国联邦航空管理局（FAA）国家空域系统资源航空数据产品，可通过阿贡国家实验室能源区绘图工具获取 8. 在用矿山：2003年美国在用矿山与矿物加工厂数据集11 9. 军事用地：归美国联邦政府所有，用于美军基地、营地、哨所、站点、场地、中心或设施的土地 表1 大型太阳能发电项目适宜性排除阈值 | 筛选要素 | 排除阈值 | |----------------|------------------------| | 陡坡区域 | 坡度＞10° | | 人口密度 | ＞100人/平方公里 | | 容量因子 | ＜20% | | 城市区域 | 距离＜500米 | | 水体 | 距离＜250米 | | 铁路 | 距离＜30米 | | 主要高速公路 | 距离＜125米 | | 机场 | 距离＜1000米 | | 在用矿山 | 距离＜1000米 | | 军事用地 | 距离＜1000米 | 如需了解本筛选标准的制定流程与数据来源，请参阅脚注1至7。本数据集将根据需要进行更新，以匹配加州公共事业委员会（California Public Utilities Commission, CPUC）典型的3年综合资源规划（Integrated Resource Planning, IRP）周期。 脚注： [1] Lopez, A. 等. "美国可再生能源技术潜力：基于GIS的分析", 2012. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy12osti/51946.pdf [2] https://greeningthegrid.org/Renewable-Energy-Zones-Toolkit/topics/social-environmental-and-other-impacts#ReadingListAndCaseStudies [3] 可再生能源多准则分析（Multi-Criteria Analysis for Renewable Energy, MapRE）, 加州大学圣巴巴拉分校. https://mapre.es.ucsb.edu/ [4] Larson, E. 等. "净零美国：潜在路径、基础设施与影响，中期报告". 普林斯顿大学, 2020. https://environmenthalfcentury.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf331/files/2020-12/Princeton_NZA_Interim_Report_15_Dec_2020_FINAL.pdf [5] Wu, G. 等. "实现电力深度脱碳的低影响土地利用路径". 《环境研究快报》15, 第7期 (2020年7月10日). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab87d1 [6] 可再生能源输电倡议协调委员会、可再生能源输电倡议利益相关方指导委员会. "可再生能源输电倡议第一阶段1B最终报告". 加州能源委员会, 2009年1月 [7] Pletka, Ryan, 与Joshua Finn. "西部可再生能源区，第一阶段：QRA识别技术报告". Black & Veatch与美国国家可再生能源实验室, 2009. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy10osti/46877.pdf [8] https://www.census.gov/cgi-bin/geo/shapefiles/index.php?year=2019&layergroup=Urban+Areas [9] https://ezmt.anl.gov/ [10] https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=fc870766a3994111bce4a083413988e4 [11] https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mineplant/ 致谢 标题：用于综合资源规划的公用事业规模太阳能光伏能源装置技术经济筛选标准 编制目的：本排除标准可用于电力系统规划、容量扩展建模及综合资源规划工作。 关键词：太阳能、光伏、资源潜力、技术经济、PV、IRP 覆盖范围：美国本土48州的西部各州 使用限制：通过本技术经济筛选得到的地理空间数据仅用于电力系统规划中可再生能源技术潜力的高层次估算，不可单独用于指导发电项目选址或评估项目级环境影响。 联系方式（公开）： Emily Leslie：[e-mail] Sam Schreiber：[e-mail] Jared Ferguson：[e-mail] Oluwafemi Sawyerr：[e-mail]