Biological safety analysis of NRAMP1 gene modified goat intestinal microbes

Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) is associated with resistance to multiple intracellular bacterial infections, including tuberculosis and brucellosis. In this study, goats overexpressing the NRAMP1 gene were generated, and metagenomic sequencing was performed on rectal fecal samples from both NRAMP1-overexpressing and wild-type goats. This approach enabled both a biosafety assessment of the genetically modified goats in the environment and an evaluation of the impact of NRAMP1 overexpression on the composition and function of the gut microbiota.