Planning Policy (designations from Black Country Core Strategy (adopted 3rd Feb 2011), Brierley Hill Area Action Plan (AAP) 2011, Halesowen AAP 2013, Stourbridge AAP 2013, Dudley AAP 2017 and...
The spatial layout of cities is an important feature of urban form, highlighted by urban planners but overlooked by economists. This paper investigates the causal economic implications of city shape i
