Milk exosome-derived miRNAs from water buffalo are implicated in immune response and metabolism process

Buffalo milk represents an indispensable source of nourishment, and recently receives increasing research interest and investment in various countries due to its high nutrient content compared with non-buffalo milks. Exosomes are membranous vesicles of endocytic origin that are found in various breast milks and can mediate intercellular communication with exosomal miRNAs. In comparison with non-buffalo milks, we hypothesized that exosomes from buffalo milk, compared with cow-milk, would yield novel miRNAs that would inform the potential physiological importance of consumption of buffalo-milk exosomes. We explored the exosomal miRNAome differences between milks of different animals, expanding the theoretical basis for potential applications of the miRNA-containing vesicles.