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The spread of many infectious diseases substantially relies on the aerosol transmission to respiratory tract. Here we design an intranasal mask comprising positively charged thermosensitive hydrogel and cell-derived microsized vesicles with viral receptor. The positively charged hydrogel intercepts the negatively charged viral aerosols, while the viral receptor on vesicles mediates the entrapment of viruses for inactivation. Upon displaying matched viral receptors, the intranasal masks protect nasal cavity and lung of mice from either severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or influenza A virus. With computerized tomography images of human nasal cavity, we further conduct computational fluid dynamics simulation and three-dimensional printing of an anatomically accurate human nasal cavity, which is connected to human lung organoids to integrate an human respiratory tract model. Both simulative and experimental results support the suitability of intranasal mask in humans, as the likelihood of viral respiratory infections induced by different variant strains is dramatically reduced.多种传染病的传播在很大程度上依赖于经气溶胶向呼吸道的传播途径。本研究设计了一款鼻内口罩，其组成成分为带正电荷的温敏水凝胶以及携带病毒受体的细胞源微囊泡。带正电荷的水凝胶可捕获带负电荷的病毒气溶胶，而囊泡表面的病毒受体则可介导病毒的捕获与灭活。当搭载匹配的病毒受体时，该鼻内口罩可保护小鼠的鼻腔与肺部免受严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2）或甲型流感病毒的侵染。研究团队借助人体鼻腔的计算机断层扫描影像，进一步开展了解剖学结构精准的人体鼻腔模型的计算流体动力学模拟与三维打印，并将其与人类肺类器官相连，构建出一体化的人体呼吸道模型。模拟与实验结果均证实该鼻内口罩适用于人体，可显著降低由不同变异毒株引发的病毒性呼吸道感染风险。