CMIP6–PVsyst Assessment across Three Climatic Zones of Cameroon

Historical meteorological data were obtained from internationally recognized climate databases for the baseline period. Climate data for this study were obtained from two primary sources:
• Baseline Climate Data (2001–2020): Sourced from the NASA POWER database, providing a historical benchmark of regional performance (hourly records of Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), ambient temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) [29], [37].
• Future Climate-Adjusted Data (2031–2060): Generated by applying CORDEX-Africa-derived monthly deltas to the baseline data to simulate projected climate-induced changes. These high-resolution projections offer improved representation of regional processes compared to coarse Global Climate Models (GCMs) [38], [36].
Figures use both traditional and projected data to demonstrate how the two variables interact continuously during system operation. It reveals that effective global irradiance is the principal driver of photovoltaic electricity generation, whereas PV array temperature constitutes the dominant source of thermal performance losses. However, the simultaneous increase in module operating temperature reduces the open-circuit voltage and conversion efficiency, partially offsetting the gains associated with higher irradiance. By extracting the key metrics from these summaries, the net impact on productivity can be quantified.