data_annotated_locations;code_data_processing_and_SSFs from Experience does not change the importance of wind support for migratory route selection by a soaring bird

Migration is a complex behaviour that is costly in terms of time, energy and risk of mortality. Thermal soaring birds rely on airflow, specifically wind support and uplift, to offset their energetic costs of flight. Their migratory routes are a record of movement decisions to negotiate the atmospheric environment and achieve efficiency. We expected that, regardless of age, birds use wind support to select their routes. Because thermal soaring is a complex flight behaviour that young birds need to learn, we expected that, as individuals gain more experience, their movement decisions will also increasingly favour the best thermal uplift conditions. We quantified how route choice during autumn migration of young European honey buzzards (Pernis apivorus) was adjusted to wind support and uplift over up to 4 years of migration and compared this to the choices of adult birds. We found that wind support was important in all migrations. However, we did not find an increase in the use of thermal uplifts. This could be due to the species-specific learning period and/or an artefact of the spatio-temporal scale of our uplift proxies.迁徙是一种兼具复杂性的行为，其所需付出的时间、能量成本与死亡风险代价均颇为高昂。依赖热气流翱翔的鸟类（thermal soaring birds）依托大气气流——具体包括风力辅助与上升气流——抵消飞行过程中的能量消耗。它们的迁徙路径，实则记录了为适配大气环境、实现飞行效率最优化而做出的各项移动决策。我们提出如下假设：无论年龄层级如何，鸟类都会借助风力辅助来规划迁徙路径。由于热气流翱翔属于复杂飞行行为，幼鸟需通过学习方能掌握，因此我们预期，随着个体迁徙经验的积累，其移动决策会愈发倾向于选择最优的热气流上升环境。本研究量化了幼年欧洲蜂鹰（Pernis apivorus）在长达4年的秋季迁徙期间，其路径选择如何适配风力辅助与上升气流条件，并将该结果与成年个体的路径选择进行了对比分析。研究结果表明，风力辅助在所有迁徙事件中均发挥了关键作用，但我们并未观测到鸟类对热气流上升的利用程度随经验提升而出现显著增长。这一现象可能源于该物种特有的学习周期，也可能是我们所采用的上升气流替代指标（uplift proxies）的时空尺度所带来的人为误差。