Effectiveness of camera traps for quantifying daytime and nighttime visitation by vertebrate pollinators

1. Identification of pollen vectors is a fundamental objective of pollination biology. The foraging and social behavior of these pollinators has profound effects on plant mating, making quantification of their behaviour critical for understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of different pollinators for the plants they visit. However, accurate quantification of visitation may be problematic, especially for shy animals and/or when the temporal and spatial scale of observation desired is large. Sophisticated heat- and movement-triggered motion-sensor cameras (‘camera trapping’) provide new, underutilized tools to address these challenges. However, to date there has been no rigorous evaluation of the sampling considerations needed for using camera trapping in pollination research. 2. We measured the effectiveness of camera trapping for identifying vertebrate visitors and quantifying their visitation rates and foraging behaviour on Banksia menziesii (Proteaceae). Multiple s...1. 花粉传粉者（pollen vectors）的鉴定是传粉生物学的一项基础性研究目标。这类传粉者的觅食与社会行为对植物交配模式具有深远影响，因此对其行为进行定量分析，对于理解不同传粉者对其所访植物的生态与进化效应至关重要。然而，精准量化访花行为往往存在诸多难题，尤其是针对羞怯性动物，或是当观测所需的时空尺度较大时。先进的热感应与运动触发式运动传感器相机（camera trapping，相机诱捕法）为解决这些挑战提供了尚未得到充分利用的新工具。但截至目前，学界尚未对传粉研究中应用相机诱捕法所需的采样考量因素开展严谨的评估。 2. 我们针对芒兹班克西木（Banksia menziesii，山龙眼科（Proteaceae）），评估了相机诱捕法在识别脊椎动物访花者、量化其访花频率与觅食行为方面的有效性。共设置了多组（Multiple s...）