Representation Failure

Democratic representation is constrained by the alternatives available to voters. In this paper, we develop a methodology to gauge the extent to which the supply side of politics hinders voter welfare. Using rich data on thousands of candidates in three Brazilian legislative elections, we quantify

民主代议制的实现程度受限于选民可获取的选举备选项。本研究构建了一套方法论，用以衡量政治供给侧对选民福祉造成阻碍的程度。通过使用巴西三次议会选举中数千名候选人的丰富数据集，我们对该阻碍程度进行量化分析。