Data from: Adaptive radiation driven by the interplay of eco-evolutionary and landscape dynamics

We investigate an individual-based model of adaptive radiation based on the biogeographical changes of the Great African Lakes where cichlid fishes radiated. In our model, the landscape consists of a mosaic of three habitat types which may or may not be separated by geographic barriers. We study the effect of the alternation between allopatry and sympatry called landscape dynamics. We show that landscape dynamics can generate a significantly higher diversity than allopatric or sympatric speciation alone. Diversification is mainly due to the joint action of allopatric, ecological divergence, and of disruptive selection increasing assortative mating and allowing for the coexistence in sympatry of species following reinforcement or character displacement. Landscape dynamics possibly increase diversity at each landscape change. The characteristics of the radiation depend on the speed of landscape dynamics and of the number of geographically isolated regions at steady state. Under fast dynamics of a landscape with many fragments, the model predicts a high diversity, possibly subject to the temporary collapse of all species into a hybrid swarm. When fast landscape dynamics induce the recurrent fusion of several sites, diversity is moderate but very stable over time. Under slow landscape dynamics, diversification proceeds similarly, although at a slower pace.本研究针对以慈鲷鱼类（cichlid fishes）适应性辐射（adaptive radiation）发生地——非洲大湖群（Great African Lakes）的生物地理变化为基础的基于个体的模型（individual-based model）展开探究。在本模型中，研究区域由三种生境类型的镶嵌格局组成，这些生境可被地理屏障分隔，也可不被分隔。本研究探讨了被称为景观动态（landscape dynamics）的异域分化（allopatry）与同域分化（sympatry）交替过程所产生的效应。研究结果表明，相较于单一的异域物种形成（allopatric speciation）或同域物种形成（sympatric speciation），景观动态能够显著提升物种多样性。物种多样化主要源于异域分化、生态分化（ecological divergence）以及歧化选择（disruptive selection）的共同作用：歧化选择可增强选型交配（assortative mating），并使得经强化作用（reinforcement）或特征位移（character displacement）后的物种能够在同域区域共存。每一次景观变化都可能通过景观动态提升物种多样性。适应性辐射的特征取决于景观动态的速率，以及稳态（steady state）下地理隔离区域的数量。在具有大量生境片段的景观快速动态条件下，模型预测物种多样性会处于较高水平，但可能出现所有物种临时坍缩为杂交群（hybrid swarm）的情况。当快速的景观动态引发多个位点反复融合时，物种多样性会处于中等水平，但随时间推移极为稳定。在景观动态较为缓慢的条件下，物种多样化进程与上述情况类似，只是速率更为平缓。