Data from: When should we expect early bursts of trait evolution in comparative data? Predictions from an evolutionary food web model

AbstractConceptual models of adaptive radiation predict that competitive interactions among species will result in an early burst of speciation and trait evolution followed by a slowdown in diversification rates. Empirical studies often show early accumulation of lineages in phylogenetic trees, but usually fail to detect early bursts of phenotypic evolution. We use an evolutionary simulation model to assemble food webs through adaptive radiation, and examine patterns in the resulting phylogenetic trees and species' traits (body size and trophic position). We find that when foraging trade-offs result in food webs where all species occupy integer trophic levels, lineage diversity and trait disparity are concentrated early in the tree, consistent with the early burst model. In contrast, in food webs in which many omnivorous species feeding at multiple trophic levels, high levels of turnover of species' identities and traits tends to eliminate the early burst signal. These results suggest testable predictions about how the niche structure of ecological communities may be reflected by macroevolutionary patterns., Usage notessimulation_dataParameter values and summary data for each of the 240 food webs simulated using the evolutionary assembly model and analyzed in the present paper and in Ingram et al. (2009).### 摘要 适应性辐射（Adaptive Radiation）的概念模型预测，物种间的竞争相互作用会引发物种形成与性状演化的早期爆发，随后多样化速率逐渐放缓。实证研究常能在系统发育树（Phylogenetic Tree）中观察到类群的早期累积现象，但往往难以检测到表型演化的早期爆发特征。本研究借助演化模拟模型，通过适应性辐射构建食物网，并对由此得到的系统发育树以及物种性状（体型大小与营养位（Trophic Position））的分布模式展开分析。我们发现，当觅食权衡作用使得所有物种均占据整数营养级的食物网形成时，类群多样性与性状差异度会集中出现在系统发育树的早期阶段，这与早期爆发模型（Early Burst Model）的预测相符。与之相反，在存在大量可在多个营养级取食的杂食性物种的食物网中，物种身份与性状的高水平更替往往会消除早期爆发信号。本研究结果为“生态群落的生态位结构如何体现在宏演化模式中”这一问题提供了可检验的预测方向。 ### 使用说明：模拟数据集 本数据集包含本研究与Ingram等人（2009）中所分析的、通过演化组装模型模拟得到的240个食物网的参数取值与汇总统计数据。