OSIRIS REx Deployment Paper

Sample Return Capsules (SRCs) entering Earth's atmosphere at hypervelocity from66 interplanetary space are a valuable resource for studying meteor phenomena. The 24 September67 2023 arrival of the OSIRIS-REx (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and68 Security-Regolith Explorer) SRC provided an unprecedented chance for geophysical69 observations of a well-characterized source with known parameters, including timing and70 trajectory. A collaborative effort involving researchers from 16 institutions executed a carefully71 planned geophysical observational campaign at strategically chosen locations, deploying over72 400 ground-based sensors encompassing infrasound, seismic, distributed acoustic sensing73 (DAS), and GPS technologies. Additionally, balloons equipped with infrasound sensors were74 launched to capture signals at higher altitudes. This campaign (the largest of its kind so far)75 yielded a wealth of invaluable data anticipated to fuel scientific inquiry for years to come. The76 success of the observational campaign is evidenced by the near-universal detection of signals77 across instruments, both proximal and distal. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of78 the collective scientific effort, field deployment, and preliminary findings. The early findings have79 the potential to inform future space missions and terrestrial campaigns, contributing to our80 understanding of meteoroid interactions with planetary atmospheres. Furthermore, the dataset81 collected during this campaign will improve entry and propagation models as well as augment the82 study of atmospheric dynamics and shock phenomena generated by meteoroids and similar83 sources.

样品返回舱（Sample Return Capsules，SRCs）以超高速从行星际空间进入地球大气层，是研究流星现象的宝贵资源。2023年9月24日，奥西里斯-REx（Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer）任务的样品返回舱抵达地球，为对参数已知、特性明确的源天体开展地球物理观测提供了前所未有的机遇，相关参数包括计时与轨道信息。由16家机构研究人员组成的协作团队，在战略选定的观测点位开展了精心策划的地球物理观测行动，部署了超过400台地面传感器，涵盖次声、地震、分布式声学传感（Distributed Acoustic Sensing，DAS）以及全球定位系统（Global Positioning System，GPS）技术。此外，团队还发射了搭载次声传感器的气球，以在更高海拔捕获信号。本次观测行动（截至目前同类规模最大的一次）获取了大量珍贵数据，有望在未来数年推动相关科学研究。观测行动的成功体现在，所有近距与远距仪器均几乎全覆盖地探测到了信号。本文全面综述了本次协同科研工作、野外部署方案以及初步研究成果。这些初步成果可为未来太空任务与地面观测行动提供参考，助力我们深化对流星体与行星大气相互作用的认知。此外，本次行动收集的数据集将优化天体进入与传播模型，并助力开展流星体及类似源产生的大气动力学与激波现象研究。