Relative deprivation and relative wealth enhances anti-immigrant sentiments: the v-curve re-examined

Previous research has shown that negative attitudes towards immigrants and support for anti-immigrant parties are observed both among those experiencing relative deprivation and those experiencing relative gratification (so called v-curve). Whereas the effect of relative deprivation is intuitive, the effect of relative gratification is more difficult to explain. Why would economic prosperity provoke negative attitudes towards immigrants? We first present correlational (Study 1) and experimental (Study 2) support for the v-curve. In Study 1, in a national Swiss referendum, a higher percentage anti-immigrant voting was found in cantons with relatively lower and relatively higher relative disposable income. In Study 2, in a hypothetical society, more opposition to ‘newcomers’ joining society was found among poor or above average wealth group members than among those in a moderate wealth group condition. In Study 3, we replicate this finding and also show that opposition to immigration is h...既往研究表明，无论是处于相对剥夺（relative deprivation）状态，还是相对满足（relative gratification，即所谓的V型曲线（v-curve））状态的群体，均会表现出对移民的负面态度以及对反移民政党的支持倾向。尽管相对剥夺的影响直观易懂，但相对满足的影响则更难解释：经济繁荣为何会引发对移民的负面态度？本研究首先借助相关研究（研究1）与实验研究（研究2），为V型曲线假说提供了实证依据。研究1以瑞士全国公投为样本，发现在相对可支配收入（relative disposable income）处于极高或极低水平的州，反移民投票占比均更高。研究2则以假想社会为实验场景，发现相较于财富水平处于中等的群体，贫困群体与财富高于平均水平的群体对“新成员”融入社会的反对态度更为强烈。在研究3中，我们重复验证了上述发现，并进一步证实，对移民的反对态度仍……