Replication Data for: Foreign Faith and Rising State: An Examination of State-Building Dynamics in Late 16th Century Japan

How does a ruler implement state-building at the local level? This paper examines state-building in late 16th century Japan by focusing on Toyotomi Hideyoshi's land surveys, which were crucial for establishing a centralized regime. We argue that Hideyoshi strengthened control over the locality via land surveys as a strategic response to the perceived threats emanating from Catholic missionaries. Using various empirical strategies including spatial econometrics, sensitivity analysis, and an instrumental variable approach, we find that the presence of Catholic churches significantly increased the likelihood for a locality to be surveyed. These results highlight the importance of information-gathering beyond fiscal purposes for security objectives and emphasize the role of threats from foreign religious institutions in state formation processes.统治者如何在地方层面推行国家建设 (state-building)？本文以16世纪晚期的日本为研究对象，聚焦丰臣秀吉 (Toyotomi Hideyoshi) 主导的土地丈量 (land surveys) 展开分析，该举措对于构建中央集权政权 (centralized regime) 具有关键意义。本文认为，丰臣秀吉通过土地丈量强化对地方的管控，以此作为应对其感知到的、源自天主教传教士 (Catholic missionaries) 威胁的战略回应。本文采用空间计量经济学 (spatial econometrics)、敏感性分析 (sensitivity analysis) 以及工具变量法 (instrumental variable approach) 等多种实证研究策略，研究发现天主教堂 (Catholic churches) 的存在显著提升了该地区被纳入土地丈量范围的可能性。上述研究结果凸显了信息收集兼具财政用途 (fiscal purposes) 与安全目标 (security objectives) 的重要性，并强调了外来宗教机构带来的威胁在国家构建进程 (state formation processes) 中的核心作用。