SOCIO-CULTURAL PROCESSES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS IN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE IN THE LATE NINETEENTH AND EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURIES

This article examines socio-cultural transformations in the Bukhara Emirate during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It considers the relationship between Russian imperial influence, established educational institutions, intellectual criticism, Jadid reform, and the emergence of periodical publishing. Using a qualitative review of historical scholarship, the article identifies the coexistence of institutional continuity and selective innovation as a defining characteristic of the period. Particular attention is given to the connections between education, religious authority, and political power. The study argues that cultural change developed through local initiatives and wider networks of communication, while its effects remained uneven across society. These processes gradually expanded debates about knowledge, public responsibility, and the future of government.