Anti-CD3 mAb treatment reshapes infiltrating T and beta cells in the islets in autoimmune diabetes

Anti-CD3 mAb, teplizumab, delays or prevents type 1 diabetes (T1D) by modulating the immune mediated destruction of beta cells. However, the mechanisms that account for the prolonged clinical effects are not clear. Here, we used paired single-cell RNA and TCR sequencing to characterize islet-infiltrating T cells and their counterpart in the pancreatic lymph nodes (pLN) from anti-CD3 mAb treated non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice in remission, in comparison to those from untreated prediabetic NOD mice. We also analyzed the beta cells in the islets of the same mice.