Data from: Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 barcode data of fish of the Nayband National Park in the Persian Gulf and analysis using meta-data flag several cryptic species

We provide cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) barcode sequences of fishes of the Nayband National Park, Persian Gulf, Iran. Industrial activities, ecological considerations, and goals of The Fish Barcode of Life campaign make it crucial that fish species residing in the park be identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of barcoding data on fishes of the Persian Gulf. 187 individuals representing 76 species, 56 genera, and 32 families were examined. The data flagged potentially cryptic species of Gerres filamentosus and Plectorhincus schotaf. 16S rDNA data on these species are provided. Exclusion of the two species resulted in a mean COI intraspecific distance of 0.18%, and a mean inter-to intra-specific divergence ratio of 66.7. There was no overlap between maximum K2Pdistances among conspecifics (1.66%) and minimum distance among congeneric species (6.19%). Barcodes shared among species were not observed. Neighbor-joining analysis showed that most species formed cohesive sequence units with little variation. Finally, comparison of 16 selected species from this study with metadata of conspecifics from Australia, India, China and South Africa revealed high inter-region divergences and potential existence of six cryptic species. Pairwise inter-regional comparisons were more informative than global divergence assessments with regard to detection of cryptic variation. Our analysis exemplifies optimal use of the expanding barcode data now becoming available.本数据集提供了伊朗波斯湾内班德国家公园（Nayband National Park）鱼类的细胞色素c氧化酶亚基1（COI）DNA条形码序列。工业活动、生态保护需求以及《生命条形码鱼类计划》（Fish Barcode of Life）的目标，使得对该公园内鱼类物种开展鉴定工作至关重要。据我们所知，本研究是波斯湾鱼类DNA条形码数据的首次正式报道。本次研究共检测了187个鱼类个体，这些个体隶属于32科、56属、76个物种。数据分析结果显示，长棘银鲈（Gerres filamentosus）和宽带胡椒鲷（Plectorhincus schotaf）存在潜在隐存种，本数据集同时提供了这两个物种的16S核糖体DNA（16S rDNA）序列数据。剔除这两个物种后，COI基因的平均种内遗传距离为0.18%，平均种间与种内分化比值为66.7。同种个体间的最大Kimura双参数（K2P）遗传距离（1.66%）与同属物种间的最小K2P遗传距离（6.19%）不存在重叠区间，未发现跨物种共享的DNA条形码序列。邻接系统发育分析结果表明，绝大多数物种形成了聚类紧密的序列单元，序列变异程度极低。最后，将本研究中的16个选定物种与来自澳大利亚、印度、中国及南非的同种物种元数据进行比对，发现存在较高的区域间遗传分化，且可能存在6个隐存种。在检测隐存变异方面，两两区域间比对相较于全局分化评估更具参考价值。本研究案例展示了当前日益丰富的条形码数据的最优应用范式。