Thaw depth measurements from the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) project for site 'Bolvansky' (R24), Russian European north, Russia from 1999-2018

The primary goal of the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) program is to observe the response of the active layer and near-surface permafrost to climate change over long (multi-decadal) time scales. The CALM observational network, established in the 1990s, observes the long-term response of the active layer and near-surface permafrost to changes and variations in climate at more than 200 sites in both hemispheres. CALM currently has participants from 15 countries. Majority of sites measure active-layer thickness on grids ranging from 1 hecatre to 1 square kilometer, and observe soil temperatures. Most sites in the CALM network are located in Arctic and Subarctic lowlands. Southern Hemisphere component (CALM-South) is being organized and currently includes sites in Antarctic and South America. The broader impacts of this project are derived from the hypothesis that widespread, systematic changes in the thickness of the active layer could have profound effects on the flux of greenhouse gases, on the human infrastructure in cold regions, and on landscape processes. It is therefore critical that observational and analytical procedures continue over decadal periods to assess trends and detect cumulative, long-term changes. The CALM program began in 1991. It was initially affiliated with the International Tundra Experiment and has been supported independently and continuously since 1998 through grants from the United States National Science Foundation (NSF). CALM is funded by the NSF Award 1304555 (Polar Programs). This dataset and metadata record was automatically generated from a web crawl of the original project page https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/data/north.htm at the request of project coordinators. More information about this site and others in the project can be found at https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/data/north.htm and also http://gtnpdatabase.org/activelayers .环极活动层监测（Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring, CALM）计划的核心目标，是在多年代际的长期时间尺度上，观测活动层与近地表多年冻土对气候变化的响应。该CALM观测网络始建于20世纪90年代，在南北半球200余个站点开展观测，以监测活动层与近地表多年冻土对气候变迁与波动的长期响应。目前CALM已有15个国家的参与方。多数站点在1公顷至1平方千米的网格上测量活动层厚度，并同步监测土壤温度。CALM网络的绝大多数站点分布在北极与亚北极低地地区。南半球分支（CALM-South）目前处于筹建阶段，已纳入南极与南美洲的部分站点。 本项目的广泛影响源自如下科学假说：活动层厚度的大范围系统性变化，可能对温室气体通量、寒冷区域的人类基础设施以及景观过程产生深远影响。因此，在数十年周期内持续推进观测与分析工作，以评估变化趋势并检测累积性长期变化，具有至关重要的意义。 CALM计划于1991年启动，最初隶属于国际苔原实验（International Tundra Experiment）；自1998年起，便通过美国国家科学基金会（National Science Foundation, NSF）的拨款获得持续独立的支持。CALM当前的资助来源为NSF奖项编号1304555（极地项目计划）。 本数据集与元数据记录，是应项目协调方的要求，通过对原始项目页面https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/data/north.htm进行网络爬取而自动生成的。如需了解本站点及项目内其他站点的更多信息，可访问https://www2.gwu.edu/~calm/data/north.htm 与http://gtnpdatabase.org/activelayers 查阅。