Paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations measured in alaskan arctic clams using ELISA and HPLC methods

Clams are efficient vectors of potent algal neurotoxins, a suite of saxitoxin (STX) congeners collectively called paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), to higher trophic levels. The Alaskan Arctic is a region facing an expanding threat from PSTs due to ocean warming, yet little is known about PSTs in clams from this region. Quantifying total toxicity in bivalves requires analytical techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are an efficient but only semi-quantitative method for measuring clam toxicity. PSTs (STX eq.) were measured in split clam samples (n = 16) from the Alaskan Arctic using ELISA and HPLC methods to develop a preliminary linear model for conservatively estimating total toxicity in clams from ELISA toxin values (R2adj = 0.95, p &lt; 0.001). Profiles of PST congeners and total toxicity using HPLC were also assessed in additional clams (n = 36 additional, n = 52 total). Clams contained mostly potent PST conge..., Sample Collection Clams were collected during research cruises of opportunity (n = 5) during 2019, 2020, and 2022 along routinely sampled survey transects (Figure 2A). Van Veen Grabs were deployed at various stations along survey transects to collect clams from the sea floor. Grab contents were sieved with seawater to isolate clams, which were then sorted to the genus or species level, collected in sterile whirl-paks or zip-lock plastic bags, and stored at −20 °C until toxin analysis. Clams were analyzed for PSTs using ELISA and HPLC methods based on sample availability at research cruise stations throughout the Alaskan Arctic (Figure 2A). Initially, one clam at each station was analyzed for PSTs (STX eq.) using an Abraxis® ELISA kit. (Gold Standard Diagnostics, Horsham, PA, USA) Based on ELISA results, stations throughout the Alaskan Arctic with clams containing low (BDL) to high toxins (≥80 µg STX eq. 100 g−1) were selected, and an additional clam sample (n = 1) was submitted for HPLC..., , # Data from: Paralytic shellfish toxin concentrations measured in alaskan arctic clams using ELISA and HPLC methods [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhj4s](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhj4s) ## Description of the data and file structure ### Files and variables There are two csv files and one table that includes all the raw data and metadata used for the manuscript #### File: Toxins\_SampleMetadata.csv **Description:** This csv file contains the metadata for the clams analyzed for PSTs in this study ##### Variables * ID: individual clam ID label * Species: species of clam analyzed * Cruise: research cruise of opportunity from which each clam was collected * Station: The station name from where each clam was collected during their respective research cruise of opportunity * Latitude: approximate latitude coordinates from which clams were collected * Longitude: approximate longitude coordinates from which clams were collected * Region:region in the Alaskan Arctic clams were...蛤类是强效藻类神经毒素的高效传播载体，这类毒素由一系列膝沟藻毒素（saxitoxin, STX）同系物组成，统称为麻痹性贝类毒素（paralytic shellfish toxins, PSTs），可将毒素传递至更高营养级生物。受海洋变暖影响，阿拉斯加北极地区正面临麻痹性贝类毒素威胁日益加剧的问题，但目前对该区域蛤类体内的PSTs仍知之甚少。定量双壳类生物的总毒素含量需借助高效液相色谱（high-performance liquid chromatography, HPLC）等分析技术。酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA）是一种高效但仅能实现半定量的蛤类毒素检测方法。本研究针对阿拉斯加北极地区的16份分样蛤类样本，分别采用ELISA与HPLC方法检测其PSTs含量（以STX当量计），以此构建初步线性模型，以基于ELISA毒素检测值保守估算蛤类总毒素含量（校正决定系数R²_adj = 0.95，p < 0.001）。此外，本研究还通过HPLC方法对额外采集的36份蛤类样本（总计52份样本）的PST同系物组成与总毒素含量进行了分析。蛤类体内主要含有高活性的PST同系物…… ### 样本采集 蛤类样本于2019、2020及2022年依托5次机遇性科考航次，沿常规采样调查断面（图2A）采集获得。研究人员在调查断面的各站位部署范·维恩采泥器（Van Veen Grab），从海底采集蛤类样品。将采泥器采集的样品用海水过筛以分离蛤类，随后将其鉴定至属或种水平，装入无菌Whirl-Pak袋或密封保鲜袋中，于-20℃条件下保存直至毒素分析。 本研究根据阿拉斯加北极地区各科考站位的样本可用情况，采用ELISA与HPLC方法对蛤类的PSTs含量进行检测。初始阶段，每个站位选取1份蛤类样本，采用Abraxis® ELISA试剂盒（美国宾夕法尼亚州霍舍姆市Gold Standard Diagnostics公司生产）检测其PSTs含量（以STX当量计）。基于ELISA检测结果，本研究选取了阿拉斯加北极地区蛤类毒素含量介于低于检测限（BDL）至80 µg STX eq.·100g⁻¹以上的站位，并额外提交1份蛤类样本用于HPLC检测…… # 数据来源：《采用ELISA与HPLC方法检测阿拉斯加北极蛤类的麻痹性贝类毒素含量》 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ngf1vhj4s] ## 数据与文件结构说明 ### 文件与变量 本数据集包含2个CSV文件与1个数据表，涵盖本研究手稿所用的全部原始数据与元数据。 #### 文件：Toxins_SampleMetadata.csv **文件说明：** 该CSV文件包含本研究中所有用于PSTs检测的蛤类样本的元数据。 ##### 变量说明 * ID：单只蛤类的唯一识别标签 * Species：分析所用蛤类的物种 * Cruise：采集该蛤类样本的机遇性科考航次 * Station：该蛤类样本采集站位的名称（对应其所属科考航次） * Latitude：蛤类样本采集点的近似纬度坐标 * Longitude：蛤类样本采集点的近似经度坐标 * Region：蛤类样本采集所在的阿拉斯加北极地区分区……