Area characteristics: Great Britain 1971 to 2011

Measures of area deprivation (Townsend) and population density for each decennial census 1971 to 2011 The overall geographical coverage is Great Britain (England, Wales and Scotland). The geographical boundary definitions are those used for the dissemination of the 2011 Census. Data for the censuses 1971 to 2001 have been converted from the geography of their original release to the 2011 boundaries. The data are available in Excel files at three geographic scales: a) Lower Super Output Areas (LSOAs) for England & Wales and Data Zones in Scotland (a local level geography); b) Medium Super Output Areas (MSOAs) for England & Wales and Intermediate areas in Scotland; c) Local Authority Districts in England, Wales and Scotland (the geography of local government areas referred to using a variety of definitions). For each census year 1971 to 2011: Each file has a worksheet with variables on total Persons, hectares, population density as continuous (persons per hectares) and categorical (assumed to be urban to rural types); a worksheet with the four input variables which represent dimensions of deprivation (%s of unemployment, non-home ownership, no access to car, household overcrowding); and a worksheet with Townsend deprivation scores and population weighted quintiles (fifths of the distribution). Since the geography is consistent over time and the deprivation is calculated to measure change, for any area in GB, if the index score changes then this can be interpreted as improving or worsening circumstances: More positive = More deprived; More negative = Less deprived. A change in quintile can be interpreted similarly. These data are all available compatible with GIS 'vector' boundaries. Users wanting equivalent data in GIS 'raster' format should see: https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/geography-and-planning/research/popchange/introduction/ and https://popchange.liverpool.ac.uk/本数据集涵盖1971年至2011年每十年一次人口普查的区域剥夺程度（汤森剥夺指数，Townsend）与人口密度测算结果。其整体地理覆盖范围为大不列颠（英格兰、威尔士与苏格兰）。地理边界定义采用2011年人口普查发布时所使用的标准；1971年至2001年的普查数据已从原始发布的地理区划转换至2011年边界体系。 数据以三种地理粒度的Excel文件提供： a) 英格兰与威尔士的下级输出区（Lower Super Output Areas, LSOAs）以及苏格兰的数据区（Data Zones），属于地方级地理单元； b) 英格兰与威尔士的中级输出区（Medium Super Output Areas, MSOAs）以及苏格兰的中间区； c) 英格兰、威尔士与苏格兰的地方当局辖区（Local Authority Districts），即采用多种定义的地方政府辖区地理范围。 针对1971年至2011年的每一个普查年份，每份文件均包含三个工作表：其一为包含总人口、公顷数、以连续型（每公顷人口数）与分类型（假定为城市至农村类型）变量表示的人口密度数据；其二为代表剥夺维度的四项输入变量：失业占比、非自有住房占比、无汽车保有量占比以及家庭过度拥挤占比；其三为汤森剥夺指数得分与按人口加权的五分位数（即分布的五等分组）数据。 由于本数据集的地理区划始终保持统一，且剥夺指数的测算初衷为反映区域境况的时序变化，因此对于大不列颠境内的任意区域，若其指数得分发生变动，则可据此解读为社会境况的改善或恶化：指数得分越趋近于正值，代表区域剥夺程度越深；得分越趋近于负值，代表区域剥夺程度越轻。五分位数的变动同样可按此逻辑进行解读。 所有数据均与GIS矢量（vector）边界兼容。需获取GIS栅格（raster）格式等效数据的用户可访问以下链接：https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/geography-and-planning/research/popchange/introduction/ 与 https://popchange.liverpool.ac.uk/