Data from: A molecular phylogeny and revised higher-level classification for the leaf-mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host-use evolution

Gracillariidae are one of the most diverse families of internally feeding insects, and many species are economically important. Study of this family has been hampered by lack of a robust and comprehensive phylogeny. In the present paper, we sequenced up to 22 genes in 96 gracillariid species, representing all previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups, plus 20 outgroups representing other families and superfamilies. Following objective identification and removal of two rogue taxa, two datasets were constructed: dataset 1, which included 12 loci totalling 9927 bp for 94 taxa, and dataset 2, which supplemented dataset 1 with 10 additional loci for 10 taxa, for a total of 22 loci and 16 167 bp. Maximum likelihood analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Gracillariidae and most previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups. On this basis, we propose a new classification consisting of eight subfamilies, four of which are newly recognized or resurrected: Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Gracillariinae Stainton; Lithocolletinae Stainton; Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Oecophyllembiinae Réal & Balachowsky; Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova stat. rev.; and Phyllocnistinae Zeller. The subfamily Gracillariinae is restricted to the monophyletic group comprising Gracillaria Haworth and closely related genera. We also formally transfer Acrocercops scriptulata Meyrick to Ornixolinae and use the name Diphtheroptila Vári, creating Diphtheroptila scriptulata comb. n. An exploratory mapping of larval host-use traits on the phylogeny shows strong conservation of modes of leaf mining but much higher lability of associations with host plant orders and families, suggesting that host shifts could play a significant role in gracillariid diversification.细蛾科（Gracillariidae）是内食性昆虫中多样性最高的类群之一，诸多物种具有重要经济价值。此前由于缺乏稳健且全面的系统发育研究，该类群的系统学研究进展受限。本研究对96种细蛾科昆虫（涵盖此前已认定的所有亚科与属类群）以及代表其他科、总科的20个外类群（outgroups）进行了多达22个基因的测序。经客观识别并移除2个异常类群（rogue taxa）后，构建了两套数据集：数据集1包含12个基因座（loci），涉及94个类群，总长度为9927个碱基对（bp）；数据集2在数据集1的基础上，为10个类群补充了10个额外基因座，最终涵盖22个基因座，总长度达16167个碱基对（bp）。 最大似然（maximum likelihood）分析结果有力支持了细蛾科以及多数此前认定的亚科和属类群的单系性（monophyly）。基于此，我们提出了包含8个亚科的新分类系统，其中4个亚科为新确立或恢复的亚科：Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima 新亚科（subfam. n.）、细蛾亚科（Gracillariinae Stainton）、金纹细蛾亚科（Lithocolletinae Stainton）、Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima 新亚科（subfam. n.）、Oecophyllembiinae Réal & Balachowsky、Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima 新亚科（subfam. n.）、Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova 恢复等级（stat. rev.）以及旋纹潜蛾亚科（Phyllocnistinae Zeller）。 其中细蛾亚科仅限定于包含细蛾属（Gracillaria Haworth）及其近缘属的单系类群。我们还正式将Acrocercops scriptulata Meyrick转移至Ornixolinae，并以Diphtheroptila Vári作为属名，建立新组合Diphtheroptila scriptulata comb. n.。本研究在系统发育树上对幼虫寄主利用性状进行了探索性映射，结果显示潜叶行为模式具有较强的演化保守性，而与寄主植物目、科的关联则具有更高的可塑性，这表明寄主转换可能在细蛾科的物种分化中发挥了重要作用。