Political scientists have long asserted that populists use simpler language than their mainstream rivals to appeal to ordinary people and distance themselves from elites. However, there is little comp
This collection includes almost four thousand sentences taken from the Commons Hansard between 1979 and 2023, and independently coded for their temporal focus by two researchers. The sentences were
Authoritarian leaders’ language provides clues to their survival strategies for remaining in office. This line of inquiry fits within an emerging literature that refocuses attention from state-level f
Table displaying word-level results from Study 3a and item-level p-values. For eight word pairs, the Republican word was rated as more likely to have been said by a Republican at the p <.05 level (the