Data from: Understanding human queuing behaviour at exits: an empirical study

The choice of the exit to egress from a facility plays a fundamental role in pedestrian modelling and simulation. Yet empirical evidence for backing up simulation are scarce. In this contribution we present three new groups of experiments that we conducted in different geometries. We varied parameters such as the width of the doors, the initial location and number of pedestrians which in turn affected their perception of the environment. We extracted and analysed relevant indicators such as distance to the exits and density levels. The results put in evidence the fact that pedestrians use time-dependent information to optimise their exit choice, and that, in congested states, a load balancing over the exits occurs. We propose a minimal modelling approach that covers those situations, specially the cases where the geometry does not show a symmetrical configuration. Most of the models try to achieve the load balancing by simulating the system and solving optimisation problems. We show statistically and by simulation that a linear model based on the distance to the exits and the density levels around the exit can be an efficient dynamical alternative.人员从建筑设施撤离时的出口选择，在行人建模与仿真领域具有核心地位。然而，支撑相关仿真的实证研究却较为匮乏。本文介绍了我们在不同几何构型场景下开展的三组全新实验。我们对多项参数进行了调控，包括门体宽度、行人初始位置与行人总数，这些参数会反过来影响行人对周遭环境的感知。我们提取并分析了多项关键指标，例如距出口的距离、出口周边的密度水平。研究结果证实：行人会借助随时间变化的环境信息优化自身的出口选择，且在拥堵状态下，各出口间会出现负载均衡现象。我们提出了一种适用于上述场景的极简建模方法，尤其针对几何构型非对称的场景。现有多数模型通过仿真系统并求解优化问题来实现出口负载均衡。我们通过统计学分析与仿真实验证实，基于距出口距离及出口周边密度的线性模型，可作为一种高效的动态替代方案。