A Systematic Magnetic Polarity Inversion Lines Dataset from SDO and HMI Magnetograms

Magnetic polarity inversion lines (PILs) detected in solar active regions have long been recognized as arguably the most essential feature for triggering the instabilities such as flares and eruptive events (i.e., eruptive flares and coronal mass ejections). In recent years, efforts have been focused on using features engineered from PILs for solar eruption prediction. However, PIL rasters and metadata are often generated as byproducts and are not accessible for public use, which limits their utilization in data-intensive space weather analytics applications. We introduce a large-scale publicly available PIL dataset covering practically the entire solar cycle 24 for applying to various space weather forecasting and analytics tasks. The dataset is created using line-of-sight (LoS) magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory's (SDO) Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Active Region Patches (HARPs) that involves 4,090 HARP series ranging from May 2010 to March 2019. This dataset includes three PIL-related binary masks of rasters: the actual PILs as per the spatial analysis of the magnetograms, the region of polarity inversion (RoPI), and the convex hull of PILs (convex closure of the set of detected PILs), along with time series structured metadata extracted from these masks.磁极性反转线（Magnetic polarity inversion lines, PILs）是在太阳活动区中被探测到的结构，长期以来被公认为或许是触发耀斑与日冕物质抛射等爆发事件及相关不稳定性的最核心特征。近年来，研究人员致力于利用从磁极性反转线人工提取的特征开展太阳爆发预测任务。然而，磁极性反转线栅格数据与元数据通常仅作为附属产物生成，并未对外开放获取，这极大限制了其在数据密集型空间天气分析应用中的推广使用。本研究发布一款大规模公开可用的磁极性反转线数据集，其覆盖几乎完整的第24太阳活动周，可适配各类空间天气预报与分析研究工作。该数据集基于太阳动力学天文台（Solar Dynamics Observatory, SDO）日震与磁场成像仪（Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, HMI）的活动区补丁（Active Region Patches, HARPs）的视向（line-of-sight, LoS）磁图构建，涵盖2010年5月至2019年3月间的4090个活动区补丁序列。本数据集包含三类与磁极性反转线相关的栅格二值掩码：基于磁图空间分析得到的真实磁极性反转线、极性反转区域（region of polarity inversion, RoPI），以及磁极性反转线的凸包（即已探测到的磁极性反转线集合的凸闭包），同时附带从这些掩码中提取的时序结构化元数据。