Data from: Ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi respond differently to long-term experimentally increased snow depth in the High Arctic

Changing climate is expected to alter precipitation patterns in the Arctic, with consequences for subsurface temperature and moisture conditions, community structure, and nutrient mobilization through microbial belowground processes. Here, we address the effect of increased snow depth on the variation in species richness and community structure of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and saprotrophic fungi. Soil samples were collected weekly from mid-July to mid-September in both control and deep snow plots. Richness of ECM fungi was higher, while saprotrophic fungi was lower in increased snow depth plots relative to controls. ECM fungal richness was related to soil NO3-N, NH4-N, and K; and saprotrophic fungi to NO3-N and pH. Small but significant changes in the composition of saprotrophic fungi could be attributed to snow treatment and sampling time, but not so for the ECM fungi. Delayed snow melt did not influence the temporal variation in fungal communities between the treatments. Results suggest that some fungal species are favored, while others are disfavored resulting in their local extinction due to long-term changes in snow amount. Shifts in species composition of fungal functional groups are likely to affect nutrient cycling, ecosystem respiration, and stored permafrost carbon.气候变化预计将改变北极地区的降水格局，并通过地下微生物过程对地下温湿度状况、群落结构以及养分动员过程产生影响。本研究聚焦于积雪深度增加对外生菌根（ectomycorrhizal, ECM）真菌与腐生真菌的物种丰富度及群落结构变化的影响。本研究于7月中旬至9月中旬期间，每周采集对照样地与积雪加深样地的土壤样品。相较于对照样地，积雪加深样地中的外生菌根真菌丰富度更高，而腐生真菌丰富度更低。外生菌根真菌丰富度与土壤硝态氮（NO3-N）、铵态氮（NH4-N）及钾元素（K）相关；腐生真菌丰富度则与土壤硝态氮及pH值相关。腐生真菌群落组成虽变化幅度较小，但存在显著差异，该差异可归因于积雪处理与采样时间，而外生菌根真菌群落组成则未呈现此关联。积雪融化延迟并未对不同处理组间真菌群落的时间动态产生影响。研究结果表明，积雪量的长期变化会使部分真菌物种受益，而另一些则受到抑制，最终发生局域灭绝。真菌功能群的物种组成变化，可能会对养分循环、生态系统呼吸以及永久冻土储碳产生影响。